👯中英文稿：
Welcome to 6 Minute English with me, Rob.
歡迎和我一起來到BBC 6分鐘英語，我是Rob。
And me, Finn. Hello.
還有我Finn，大家好。
In today’s programme, we’re talking about freedom. It’s a big subject and it’s something the BBC has been exploring in its Freedom 2014 season.
在今天的節目裡我們來談論關於自由的話題。這是一個很大的話題，也是BBC在2014自由季中一直在找尋的東西。
That’s right. There’s been a season of programmes about what freedom means to different people.
是的。有一段時間的節目討論對於不同的人來講自由意味著什麼。
Well, we’re going to try and summarise what freedom really is and look at some related vocabulary. But first a definition – what does freedom mean?
🎁中英文稿：
Your car is already an extension of your smartphone. Many vehicles let you make phone calls, play mp3s and access GPS info using voice commands, buttons or a touch screen on your car’s console or steering wheel.
如今汽車已經成為智慧手機的延伸。許多汽車都可以通過語音、按鍵、操控台或方向盤上的觸控式螢幕來打電話、播放音樂、訪問全球定位系統。
But pretty soon you’ll be using your handset to control your car. In addition to being able to unlock your doors and start your engine from your iPhone or Android, new apps will even let you command your car to park itself. These advances and dozens more were on display at the recent International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas and the North American International Auto Show in Detroit.
但很快你將會用你的手機來控制汽車。除了能通過“蘋果”或“安卓”手機開車門及發動引擎外，新的應用程式將能夠讓你命令汽車自主停車。這些先進科技連同幾十個其他新科技在最近拉斯維加斯舉辦的國際消費電子展和底特律舉辦的北美國際汽車展上展出。
What we really need, though, are more ways to control our cars without creating more distractions. BMW and Mercedes have the right idea: they’re working on ways to let drivers interact with their cars using hand gestures and eye movement in addition to voice controls and touch screens.
不過我們真正需要的是更多的無須太分神就能控制汽車的方法。寶馬和賓士的想法是正確的：他們正在研究除了利用聲控和觸控式螢幕，讓司機通過手勢和眼部運動與汽車產生相互作用。
Gesture control should be useful, especially because most drivers already get lots of practice. Then again, the arm and leg it costs you to afford one of these vehicles might render some gesture controls moot.
手勢控制應該是可行的，尤其是大多數司機已有了大量的實踐。再說，節約了手臂和腿的成本購買的汽車應該自帶手勢控制類比系統吧。
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🎁中英文稿：
At Brooklyn's recycling depot, discarded metal and plastic gets bulldozed into a large mound. The stuff is then scooped onto the first of a series of rising conveyor belts, from which the trash is sorted through means both mechanical and manual.
在布魯克林的回收站，廢棄的金屬和塑料被推成一個大土堆。這些垃圾之後會被撈到第一個傳送帶上，由此按照機械生產和手工生產被分類，然後再經由一系列傳送帶被回收利用。
All that effort produces a variety of salable products, from metals to paper fibers. But is it worth it?
人們付出這麼多努力最終生產出各種各樣的暢銷產品——從金屬到紙纖維。但這麼做值得嗎?
In the case of an aluminum can the answer is an unqualified yes. Such a can can be recycled endlessly with no loss of quality. And recycling a can uses less than five percent of the energy that it takes to refine bauxite ore into fresh aluminum.
如果說是製成鋁罐的話，答案絕對是肯定的。因為這樣的罐子可以無限循環且不會有質量損失。並且回收鋁罐消耗的能源比提煉鋁土礦獲得鋁所消耗能源的5%還要少。
Recycling is worth it when it comes to all metals, though we're better at recycling aluminum than say neodymium. In principle it could work for plastic, too. But because plastic is made from petrochemicals, low oil prices can make it cheaper to just dump old plastic and manufacture new. And plastics degrade as they're recycled, as does paper.
就所有的金屬而言回收是值得的，儘管我們更擅長回收鋁而非釹。原則上它也適用於塑料。但由於塑料是石油化工產品，低廉的油價致使製造新塑料更便宜。塑料和紙回收再利用就會貶值。
That said, a simple cost-benefit analysis does not correctly measure the environmental costs of dumping plastics or cutting down more trees for paper products. The EPA suggests that recycling in the US reduces the same amount of greenhouse gas pollution as taking more than 38 million cars off the road.
👯中英文稿：
Hello I'm Rob.Welcome to 6 Minute English. With me today is Finn. Hello Finn.
大家好，我是Rob。歡迎收聽六分鍾英語節目。今天Finn和我一起。你好，Finn。
Hello Rob.
你好，Rob。
Now Finn, I'd like to start by asking you a question. Would you eat a purple coloured tomato?
Finn，還是讓我以一個問題來開始我們的節目吧。你敢不敢吃紫色的番茄？
Purple? Well, that depends. Is it a naturally coloured tomato? Where does it come from? Is this an artificial tomato? Rob, tell me more.
紫色？這要看情況來說啦。紫色是它自然的顏色嗎？它是從哪來的？是不是人造番茄？Rob，再多告訴我一些信息吧。
Artificial – yes, you mean is it man-made and trying to copy something that is natural? Well, in a way - yes. Because scientists have developed a genetically modified purple tomato; they took red tomato plants and changed their genetic patterns so that they now produce new, purple tomatoes.
🎁中英文稿：
The 2016 presidential candidates have subjected voters nationwide to a cognitive challenge: can you untangle what one candidate is saying while the others talk over him? That challenge is a test of something called the cocktail party problem, or "speech-on-speech perception." Which researchers in The Netherlands recently investigated, with a group of 18 musicians and 20 nonmusicians—to see if musicians are any better at it.
2016年各位總統候選人讓全國各地的選民面臨這樣一個認知難題：你能從一大堆聲音中區分出總統侯選人的聲音嗎?這個難題被稱為雞尾酒會問題，或者“言語認知”。最近荷蘭研究人員調查了18名音樂家以及20名非音樂人士，來驗證是否音樂家在聲音分辨方面更有優勢。
The scientists played the study subjects a sample of one speaker masking another—for example, try to follow what the second speaker is saying: Except they used Dutch samples. Anyway, the participants listened to this multi-voice babble with headphones, then attempted to repeat the target sentence, to see how many words they could make out. And it turns out musicians scored significantly higher than non-musicians did in deciphering the target phrase. The study is in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.
科學家為研究物件播放了語音樣本，其中一位元發言人的聲音掩蓋了另一位發言人的聲音——而實驗物件需要理解第二位元發言人的講話——如果第二位發言人講的是荷蘭語，那麼就算了。總之，這些實驗物件帶著耳機聽了多個人含糊不清的說話，然後試圖重複目標語句，以驗證自己理解的程度。結果表名，在破譯目標片語方面，音樂家得分遠高於非音樂人士。該研究結果發表在《美國聲學學會》雜誌上。
Turns out musicians might be better at something called "stream segregation"—separating out one meaningful audio stream among others. "And this is the case indeed for musicians when they want to listen to hear out one specific instrument, within a group of instruments." Etienne Gaudrain, a hearing scientist at University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands. His co-author, Deniz Başkent agreed. "Anecdotally, when I speak to my musician friends, they do indeed mention situations like this, that they say they can switch their attention easily to either hear one stream, like from an orchestra piece or a band, or they can also combine patterns. So this requires quite a lot of cognitive control to be able to hear one stream or two streams together or to hear all of them together, but we think they are very well trained in this kind of skill.”
研究結果表明，音樂家更擅長區分聲音流——在嘈雜的聲音流中區分出有意義的聲音流。“實際上，這就像音樂家在想要辨別某種特定的樂器的聲音。”埃蒂安是荷蘭格羅寧根大學醫學中心的科學家，這樣說到。他文章的合作者Deniz Başkent對他的觀點也表示贊同。“在我和自己的音樂方面的朋友們談到這個情況時，他們會講到這樣的情景，自己可以將注意力從管弦樂、樂隊等一種聲音流中進行轉換，也可以同時聽多種聲音。這就要求嚴格控制自己的認知來聽一種或兩種聲音流，或者聽所有的聲音流。我們認為他們在這方面的技能非常的優秀。
It's unclear whether this ability helps the candidates much. Neither Mike Huckabee, who plays bass in the band "Capitol Offense," nor Martin O'Malley, who strums and croons in "O'Malley's March," made it far enough to really exercise their ears.
尚不清楚這項技能能否幫助各位候選者。麥克•哈克比，在樂隊演奏低音“國會進攻”以及馬丁•奧馬利，亂彈低吟淺唱“奧馬利的三月”，真的不足以鍛煉他們的耳朵。
👯中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English: we’ll be talking about a story in the news and learning some vocabulary along the way. I’m Alice and joining me today is Rob. Hi Rob.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC六分鐘英語學習節目：我們會在新聞中一邊講故事，一邊學單詞。我是Alice，今天我的搭檔是Rob.你好Rob。
Hi there Alice.
你好Alic。
Now, Rob are you a cyclist?
Rob,你騎單車嗎？
Yes I ride a bicycle.
是的，我騎單車。
Even on the mean streets of London?
