☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20151106sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
It seems the first resident of Earth to break the sound barrier wasn't Chuck Yeager, after all. He was about a hundred million years, too late.
似乎地球上第一個突破音障的人類不是查克•葉格。他存在於地球誕生1億年之後，也太晚了。
Apatosaurus was a cousin of Brontosaurus, but even bigger—with a 40-foot-tail more than three feet thick at the butt end but no wider than your pinky at the tip. That dainty end made the tail too fragile for clubbing attackers. So what was it for? Maybe this: [bullwhip crack]
迷惑龍是雷龍的表親，但是體型比雷龍更大——其尾巴長達40英尺，尾部厚度超過3英尺，但是尾吧尖端比你的小手指還細。這個雅致的尾巴尖端對於襲擊進攻者來說，太脆弱了。但是其用處是什麼呢?可能是：~
The idea that Apatosaurus might have used its tail like a bullwhip—to scare off predators, communicate or even show off for potential mates—gained traction about 20 years ago. That’s when paleontologist Philip Currie of the University of Alberta teamed with Nathan Myhrvold to create a computer simulation that showed the whip-cracking tail was plausible. Myhrvold is the founder and CEO of Intellectual Ventures—an invention firm in the Seattle suburbs—where I’m executive editor.
迷惑龍把自己的尾巴當做大鞭子使用——嚇跑捕食者，與可能的伴侶交流或者甚至是顯示自己的本事——這種想法在20年前吸引了人們的注意力。那是，阿爾伯塔大學的古生物學者菲力浦•柯里和 南森•梅爾沃德合作創建了一個電腦類比程式，表明用尾巴鞭打這是可以理解的。梅爾沃德是高智公司的創辦者和CEO。而高智公司是在西雅圖郊區的一個發明公司——而我在那裡擔任執行總監。
This week at a meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, Myhrvold, Currie and Dhileep Sivam, also of Intellectual Ventures, unveiled a quarter-scale physical model of an Apatosaurus tail made from aluminum vertebrae and steel tendons.
本周古脊椎動物學會的會議上，梅爾沃德和Dhileep Sivam，公佈了一個1/4比例物理模型的由由鋁和鋼鐵肌腱製成的雷龍尾椎骨。
Give the big end of the model a strong push and pull, and it does this: [audio of model crack]. Our analysis of high-speed video of the tail in action found that the tip moves at more than 800 miles an hour—fast enough to break the sound barrier and create a small sonic boom.
給這個大模型尾部一個強大的推拉力，就會產生這樣的聲音。我們的尾巴在高速視頻中的動作發現，尾端每小時可移動800英里——速度之快足以打破音障並引發小規模的音爆。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20151127sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
You have bees to thank every time you drizzle some honey into your tea. And the human-honeybee relationship is long-standing. Iconography of honeybees adorns 4400-year-old walls in ancient Egypt. Rock art has been found that depicts a stone age bee harvest. But exactly when early farmers began to exploit bees has been unclear.
每次在茶水裡滴入蜂蜜時，你都要感謝蜜蜂。同時人類和蜜蜂的關係時間久遠。蜜蜂的形象在古埃及有著4400年歷史的牆壁上就曾出現。人們還發現了刻畫著石器時代蜜蜂收穫場景的岩畫。但是古代農民到底何時開始利用蜜蜂，我們尚不清楚。
Those farmers exploited bees for more than honey. Research has shown that they also employed the beeswax for cosmetics, fuel, medicine, and to perform rituals.
古代的農民不僅僅利用蜜蜂釀取蜂蜜。研究表明，他們還利用蜂蠟製成化妝品、燃料、藥品，並將蜂蠟用於宗教儀式。
Beeswax contains complex fats that leave a recognizablewww.chinavoa.com residue on pottery and other archaeological artifacts. And scientists have now used that beeswax residue to analyze what they’ve determined to be the earliest known human-and-bee association, dating back some 9,000 years.
蜂蠟中含有複雜的脂類物質，這些物質可在陶器以及其他考古文物上留下可識別的殘留物。科學家們已經確定人類和蜜蜂的關係，最早可追隨到9000多年以前。現在他們利用蜂蠟的殘留物來研究這一結論。
The researchers surveyed Europe, the Near East and northern Africa. They found beeswax on pottery vessels from Neolithic farming sites in Anatolia, in or near modern-day Turkey. They also discovered the first evidence of beeswax at Neolithic sites in Northern Africa. And the lack of wax residues in Ireland, Scotland and the Scandanavian peninsula led them to conclude that those locations were above what must have been a northern limit for honeybees. The study is in the journal Nature.
研究人員調查了歐洲、近東以及北非地區。他們在安納托利亞、近現代土耳其的新石器農業考古點出土的陶器上發現了蜂蠟殘留物。同時研究人員還首次在北非的新石器考古點發現了蜂蠟。而愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭以及Scandanavian半島未發現蜂蠟殘留物。因此，研究人員認為，這些地區一定是蜜蜂的北部邊界地區。該研究結果發表在《自然》雜誌上。
The researchers say that the beeswax residues at these human-occupied sites may be clues pointing to the very beginnings of bee domestication. With thousands of years of sweet results for us all.
研究人員稱，在人類居住地的蜂蠟殘留物可能會是研究蜜蜂馴化開始的線索。這個結論對我們所有人來都是人類已經擁有了幾千年的甜蜜享受的證據呢。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/79.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Hello there and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. My name is Jennifer and with me in the studio today is Rob. Hi Rob!
大家好，歡迎來到BBC六分鐘英語。我是Jennifer，今天來到演播室的是Rob，你好Rob！
Hello there! In this programme, we take a story from the news and use it to learn some new vocabulary. This one’s all about noise.
你好！在這檔節目中，我們會從新聞中截取一個故事並從中學習一些新的詞彙。今天的主題是噪音。
What noises get on your nerves, Rob? Are there any noises that you can’t stand?
Rob，什麼樣的噪音會讓你神經緊張？你有沒有什麼不能容忍的噪音？
Oh, yes. I don’t like very loud, repetitive noises – like drilling concrete in the street, for example. It really gives me a headache.
噢，是的，我不喜歡那種嘈雜的，重複的噪音，比如大街上鑽孔機鑽水泥的聲音就讓我十分頭疼。
Oh me too! What about when you’re indoors, though? Is noise still a problem?
我也是！那你在室內的時候呢?還會受噪音的困擾嗎？

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20151201sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Ever lose your ability to taste during a cold, because your nose is stuffed up? That’s because the nose is intimately involved with taste. When you chew, volatile flavor compounds from the food get lofted toward the back of your mouth. And when you exhale you carry some of those flavor compounds up into your nasal cavity, where they hit olfactory receptors.
有沒有過這樣的經歷?感冒時，因為鼻子阻塞，品嘗起東西來，索然無味?那是因為鼻子和味覺有著緊密的聯繫。當你在咀嚼食物時，食物中蘊含的芬香化合物落在嘴中。在吸氣時，一些芬香的氣味就會進入你的鼻腔，刺激嗅覺受體。
"As children we basically learn, the first lesson of table manners is to keep the mouth closed while chewing, and you also want to breathe smoothly." Rui Ni, a mechanical engineer at Penn State. "I think not only because it's courteous, but you can also smell the food much better if you breathe smoothly."
當在孩提時代，我們實際上學到的，餐桌禮儀的第一課就是，在吃食物的時候，嘴巴緊閉，同時呼吸平緩。瑞倪是賓夕法尼亞州立大學的機械工程師。他說到：“我認為那樣做不僅僅是因為禮貌，同時，呼吸平緩，可以更好的聞到食物的味道。”
The backdoor by which smell contributes to taste is called "retronasal olfaction." And it turns out our airways are exquisitely tuned to enhance that effect.
嗅覺對味覺的秘密通道，我們稱之為“鼻後嗅覺”。結果表明，呼吸道通過精美地調節來增強這種效果。
Ni and his colleagues 3D-printed a model of a woman's airway, using a CT scan as a template. To track airflow, they laced water with fluorescent particles and pumped it through the apparatus, filming the results. They found that when you breathe in, that inward airflow actually forms a curtain at the back of your mouth, blocking food particles from getting into the lungs--a good thing. And when you exhale, air swirls through that cavity in the back of the mouth, sweeping up those volatile particles and delivering them right to the nasal cavity, where you can smell them. The results appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
倪瑞和自己的同事利用3D列印技術模擬了女性的呼吸道，使用CT掃描作為範本。為了跟蹤氣流，他們在水內混合螢光粒子，並利用裝置抽取水，然後拍攝記錄結果。倪瑞他們發現，人體在吸氣時，向內的氣流實際上會在口腔內後部形成遮蔽，阻止食物粒子進入肺部——這是好事。當人體在呼氣時，氣體在口腔後部形成漩渦，清掃那些有氣味的食物顆粒，將他們送入鼻腔，這樣你就能聞到食物的味道。該研究結果發表在《美國國家科學學院院刊》雜誌上。
There is a way to derail this well-tuned system: the effect's ruined if you're really huffing and puffing. Meaning if you're wolfing down your food, gasping for air, that turbulent breathing actually delivers more of those food molecules into your lungs and less up into the nasal cavity. In other words, your mother was right all along: keep your mouth shut and don’t bolt your food. It’ll cut the chances of choking, and enhance the taste of the meal.
有一種方法還可以破壞這樣調節系統：如果你暴怒時，就會摧毀這種效果。即如果你吃食物時狼吞虎嚥同時大口大口地喘著粗氣，那麼呼吸紊亂會將更多的食物分子送進肺中，而只有少量的食物顆粒會進入鼻腔。換而言之，媽媽說的是對的：吃飯時要閉嘴慢嚼、不要狼吞虎嚥。這樣會減少窒息的可能性，提高食物的味道。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/77.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com. My name is Jennifer and with me in the studio is Neil . Welcome, Neil!
大家好，歡迎收聽本期BBC六分鐘英語。我是Jennifer，這是我今天的搭檔Neil。歡迎你，Neil！
Hi there Jen. In this programme, we take a look at a topic in the news and learn some new vocabulary and phrases from it.
你好，Jen。我們會在節目中討論新聞話題，並從中學習新詞彙和新短語。
In this programme, we’re talking about the growing number of people living in very tiny places. How big is your house, Neil? I bet you live in a castle!
今天我們要討論的話題是越來越多人生活在狹小空間裡。Neil，你的房子有多大？我敢打賭，你一定住在大城堡裡。
I wish! No, I live in a small, two- bedroom flat, which is not big enough because there are four of us in it! How about you, Jen ?
但願如此。可事實是我住在一套兩居室的小公寓裡。房間不是很大，因為我們四個人都住在裡面。Jen，你的房子多大？
Well, my house is very small indeed, but I do feel grateful to have it, particularly as Britain is experiencing a housing crisis at the moment.
我的房子其實很小，但我非常滿足。因為英國此前正經歷著住房危機。

身為海島的台灣，
我們超幸福有豐富的海鮮（seafood）！
從熱炒到日式料理，
美食佳餚中常見的海鮮名稱，
你知道該怎麼說嗎？
下次大啖美食時，可以順便複習一下噢！

海鮮又稱海產食物，是指利用海洋動物作成的料理，包括了魚類、蝦類、貝類。其營養價值甚高，主要含有豐富的蛋白質（protein）！

快來學習這些常見海產食物的英文要怎麼說吧！

一、各種常見「魚類」海鮮：

1. 鮪魚：tuna
2. 鮭魚：salmon