☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I’m Chris and with me today is Jen.
大家好，歡迎來到今天的BBC六分鐘英語，我是Chris，今天和我一起為大家討論的是Jen。
Hi there… Mmmm… Phew, I’m full. Well, I don’t want this other sandwich. Where’s the bin?
大家好！哎呀，我太飽了。好吧，我吃不下剩下的三明治了，垃圾桶在哪？
Jen, are you going to throw away that sandwich?
Jen，你打算扔掉那個三明治嗎？
What’s wrong with throwing it in the bin?
把它扔到垃圾桶有什麼問題嗎？
Before you throw it away, let’s talk about today’s topic shall we? Global food waste.Now, how often do you throw food away?

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Sophie…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是蘇菲。
And I’m Neil… Sophie – did you go on the corporate awayday last week?
我是尼爾。蘇菲，上周你參加公司的放鬆日活動了嗎？
Yes… you didn’t miss anything. A team building guru lectured us on how to work more effectively with each other. We gave some presentations, had a few drinks after…
當然，你真是瞭若指掌。一位團建方面的專家給我們講述如何進行高效合作。我們發表了一些小演講，之後一起喝了幾杯……
Right. OK. An awayday is a day that employees spend together away from their usual workplace. And a guru is an expert in something. So did this guru teach you anything new, Sophie?
不錯啊。放鬆日活動是指員工在辦公場所之外共同活動。專家是指精通某事。所以這位專家有教授你一些新東西嗎？
No… not really.

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http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2016/20160126sa_earth.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Hippopotamuses. People usually think of them as massive, lumbering hulks of plant-eating muscle. Reports do crop up of hippos snacking on crocs or chowing down on a drowned wildebeest. Those anecdotes are often dismissed as aberrant behaviors—opportunistic protein snacks added to a diet made mostly of salad. But it turns out that hungry, hungry hippos intentionally seek out the sweet, sweet taste of animal flesh.
人們通常認為河馬是大型的食草性動物。也有關於河馬食用鱷魚或者咀嚼淹死羚羊的報導。但這些報導經常被當做異常行為而為人們所忽視——偶爾在沙拉中加一些蛋白質零食。但是事實證明，饑餓難耐的河馬會特意去尋找鮮美可口的肉食。
“We saw a bunch of wild dogs come and attack an impala, and the impala jumped into the water, tried to swim across the little lake, and the hippo killed it. Then a few minutes later, that hippo and a bunch of other hippos started eating on that impala.”
我們親眼看到一群野狗來攻擊黑斑羚羊，黑斑羚羊跳入河裡試圖遊過小湖，然後河馬將其殺害。幾分鐘之後，這只河馬和其他幾同類開始享受這頓盛宴。
University of Alaska research Joseph P. Dudley was in Zimbabwe studying elephants when he saw this scene play out more than 20 years ago.
阿拉斯加大學的研究員，Joseph P. Dudley20年前在辛巴威研究大象時，看到了上述的場面。
“About that time, the wild dogs caught and killed another impala right next to the edge of the water hole, and three hippos came out of the water and tried to take away the carcass of the impala, the antelope, from the wild dogs. As far as I had ever heard, hippos didn’t do either of these things.”
同時，那群野狗在湖邊捕殺了另外一隻羚羊，三隻河馬游出水中，試圖從野狗嘴中搶走黑斑羚羊的屍體。我之前也聽到，河馬是不吃肉的。
We now know that carnivory is actually common among hippos. And meat-eating could explain what’s been a hippo public health mystery: anthrax outbreaks happen naturally among African herbivores, but the pattern of anthrax transmission in hippos has always puzzled researchers. Could their hankering for meat explain it?

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas

…/2016/20160126sa_earth.mp3
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🎁  中英文稿：
Hippopotamuses. People usually think of them as massive, lumbering hulks of plant-eating muscle. Reports do crop up of hippos snacking on crocs or chowing down on a drowned wildebeest. Those anecdotes are often dismissed as aberrant behaviors—opportunistic protein snacks added to a diet made mostly of salad. But it turns out that hungry, hungry hippos intentionally seek out the sweet, sweet taste of animal flesh.
人們通常認為河馬是大型的食草性動物。也有關於河馬食用鱷魚或者咀嚼淹死羚羊的報導。但這些報導經常被當做異常行為而為人們所忽視——偶爾在沙拉中加一些蛋白質零食。但是事實證明，饑餓難耐的河馬會特意去尋找鮮美可口的肉食。
“We saw a bunch of wild dogs come and attack an impala, and the impala jumped into the water, tried to swim across the little lake, and the hippo killed it. Then a few minutes later, that hippo and a bunch of other hippos started eating on that impala.”
我們親眼看到一群野狗來攻擊黑斑羚羊，黑斑羚羊跳入河裡試圖遊過小湖，然後河馬將其殺害。幾分鐘之後，這只河馬和其他幾同類開始享受這頓盛宴。
University of Alaska research Joseph P. Dudley was in Zimbabwe studying elephants when he saw this scene play out more than 20 years ago.
阿拉斯加大學的研究員，Joseph P. Dudley20年前在辛巴威研究大象時，看到了上述的場面。
“About that time, the wild dogs caught and killed another impala right next to the edge of the water hole, and three hippos came out of the water and tried to take away the carcass of the impala, the antelope, from the wild dogs. As far as I had ever heard, hippos didn’t do either of these things.”
同時，那群野狗在湖邊捕殺了另外一隻羚羊，三隻河馬游出水中，試圖從野狗嘴中搶走黑斑羚羊的屍體。我之前也聽到，河馬是不吃肉的。
We now know that carnivory is actually common among hippos. And meat-eating could explain what’s been a hippo public health mystery: anthrax outbreaks happen naturally among African herbivores, but the pattern of anthrax transmission in hippos has always puzzled researchers. Could their hankering for meat explain it?
現在我們知道，食肉在河馬事實上很常見。而且食肉可以解釋河馬的健康之謎：炭疽熱在非洲的食草動物中爆發，但是河馬中炭疽的傳播途徑一直困擾著研究人員。河馬渴望肉食可以解釋這個謎團嗎?
Dudley’s latest research suggests that the hippos’ could owe their unique susceptibility to anthrax die-offs to their practice of eating meat that carries the infection—including the bodies of other dead hippos. The study is in the journal Mammal Review.
杜德利最新的研究表明，河馬易感染炭疽熱是因為它們經常食用攜帶病毒的肉食——如，其他河馬的屍體。該研究結果發表在《哺乳動物評估》雜誌上
And that means that humans who come into contact with hippo meat need to take care. At least 511 Zambians became infected, and five died, because they handled or consumed hippo meat during a 2011 anthrax outbreak among the amphibious mammals. That’s one advantage of being a vegetarian—for both hippos and humans.
這意味著，接觸到河馬肉的人員需要得到關注。至少511個尚比亞人感染，5人死亡。因為，在2011年，兩棲動物中爆發炭疽疫情時，這些人曾接觸或食用河馬肉。但是這也是素食性動物的，如人和海馬一大優點啊。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/47.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Chris and with me today is Neil.
大家好，歡迎大家來到BBC英語學習欄目，我是Chris，今天和我一起的是Neil。
Hi there.
大家好。
Now Neil, what is your most treasured possession?
Neil，你最珍惜的財產是什麼？
Well, that’s interesting – my most treasured possession would have to be… my guitar.
這很有趣耶——我最珍惜的財產是我的吉他。
I would probably say one of my most treasured possessions is a painting by my grandfather.

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http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160128sa_tech.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Chimpanzees. They’re notoriously social creatures. They snack together, snooze together and work hard to keep each other flea- and tick-free. But this simian intimacy does more than just spread the love. It also helps to spread the bacteria that inhabit their guts—which is a good thing. That’s according to a new study in the journal Science Advances.
黑猩猩。眾所周知，它們是社會性動物。黑猩猩一起吃、一起睡，努力保持彼此跳蚤活躍。但是它們之間這種親密的關係傳播的不僅僅是愛意，同時有助於傳播寄居在內臟中的病毒——而這是一件好事。該研究結果發表在《科學進步》雜誌上。
When we think about the germs that get swapped during social interactions, we tend to focus on the bad guys: the bugs that cause everything from Ebola to the common cold. But could togetherness also promote the exchange of health-promoting microbes, like those in the intestine?
在談及社會交往過程中所交換細菌，我們常常會想到壞的方面：如埃博拉病毒、感冒病毒等。但是聚集在一起是否會促進對健康有益的細菌的傳播呢，例如腸道細菌?
To find out, researchers spent eight years scooping the poop from a troop of 40 chimpanzees in Tanzania. And they analyzed the bacteria present in the samples. What they found was that during the rainy season, when food is plentiful and the chimps are more chummy, the apes harbor an increased number of different bacterial species in their bellies—more microbiodiversity, if you will. Which could make them more resistant to infections.
為了查明結果，研究人員耗時8年搜集了坦尚尼亞群居在一起40只黑猩猩的糞便。他們分析了糞便中的細菌樣本。研究人員發現，在雨季時，食物比較充足，這是黑猩猩之間相處更加愉快，這時這些猿類肚子內的微生物種類就會增多——生物多樣性增多。而這就會增加黑猩猩對傳染病的抵抗能力。
And the chimps' increased microbe load was not due to them all eating the same stuff. In fact, the more time the animals spent together, the more varied they were in terms of how much fruit they consumed.
黑猩猩的微生物負荷增加，並不是因為它們都食用相同的食物。事實上，這些動物在一起的時間越多，它們食用的水果種類也就越多。
The researchers say it’s thus likely the hobnobbing chimps are indeed sharing the microbial wealth while they’re grooming or mating. Or when they’re otherwise too busy to watch where they step.

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Jen and with me today is Neil.
大家好，歡迎大家來到今天的BBC英語學習欄目六分鍾英語，我是Jen，今天和我一起的是Neil。
Hello there.
大家好。
Today's story is all about allergies. If you have an allergy to something, your body reacts to it in a negative way. Do you have any allergies, Neil?
今天的故事是關於過敏的。如果你對什麼東西過敏的話，你的身體會以一種消極的方式反應。你有任何過敏嗎，Neil？
I get hay fever in the summer; that happens when you have an allergy to pollen from plants or trees.
我在夏天的時候有花粉症，當人對植物或樹木的花粉過敏的情況下就會發生。
And what happens when you get hay fever?

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🎁 中英文稿：
Young people may seem like they’re attached to their phones—and that whatever’s on their screens is more important than what’s actually happening right in front of them. Now scientists may have found a way to make a positive out of that screen addiction, by using it to cut down on alcohol abuse. They report their findings in the journal PLoS ONE. [Brian Suffoletto et al, An Interactive Text Message Intervention to Reduce Binge Drinking in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 9-Month Outcomes]
The researchers examined medical records and identified some 800 18- to 25-year-olds who had all self-identified in surveys as binge drinkers or heavy drinkers. They had all also been admitted to emergency rooms with, for the most part, non-alcohol related injuries.
年輕人仿佛變成了手機螢幕的奴隸，以至於在螢幕中的事物仿佛比身邊的事更為重要。現在，科學家或許找到了這種螢幕上癮的一個好處，那就是用這種方法緩解酗酒。該項研究發表在《公共科學圖書館期刊》上。
The investigators divided the subjects into three groups. For twelve weeks, one group got messages on Sunday asking how much they drank, and received no additional feedback. A second group did not get any texts. But a third group received texts every Thursday asking about their weekend drinking plans. That group then got feedback designed to help them limit their drinking. On Sundays they received a follow-up check-in text and more tailored feedback.
研究人員把應試者分成了三組。在12周中，第一組應試者在周日會收到問及這周他們喝了多少簡訊，但不會收到任何回復。第二組物件不會收到任何簡訊。第三組參與者每週四會收到問及他們本周喝酒計畫的簡訊。然後他們會收到旨在幫助他們減少喝酒的回復。在週末他們會收到後續的調查資訊與更多的量身訂造的回饋。 
Lead researcher Brian Suffoletto of the University of Pittsburgh says they used texts rather than phone calls or emails because of its immediacy, and because "it really allows us to communicate behind the veil of some anonymity. So when you're face to face with an individual it's been shown that people are less likely to tell you bad things about themselves because they feel nervous that you would judge them."
匹茲堡大學的首席研究員布萊恩•蘇珂黎托說，他們使用文字資訊而不是電話或是郵件交流是因為時效性，也因為“那確實使到我們聯繫到匿名的人。而當你面對面地與他們溝通的時候，他們更少可能會說自己不好的方面，因為他們擔心你會對他們有看法。”
And the results seem to have vindicated that strategy. Six months after the study, members of the little or no interaction groups said they had not reduced their drinking at all. But those who had had gotten all the texts and feedback reported an average of one less binge drinking day per month. They appear to at least partially have gotten the message.
這項研究的結果正好證明了上述的策略。研究開展後過去了6個月，沒有或很少收到互動的兩組參與者完全沒有減少喝酒的量。然而，那些收到文字資訊與回饋的參與者平均每月減少了一天的酗酒時間。至少他們似乎瞭解了部分的資訊。

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, the programme in which we discuss something that’s been in the news and teach you some vocabulary on the way. I’m Neil and with me today is Jen. Hi Jen.
大家好，歡迎大家來到BBC六分鐘英語，討論的話題是曾經的新聞，同時教授大家一些詞彙。我是Neil，和我一起的是Jen。你好，Jen。
Hi Neil.
你好，Neil。
Now Jennifer, I want to ask you about your favourite painting. Can you tell me what it is and what do you like about it?
Jennifer，我想要問你一個關於你喜歡的畫的問題。你能告訴我你喜歡什麼畫嗎，並且告訴我你喜歡它什麼？
Well, my favourite painting is by Pablo Picasso and it is called Guernica.It’s a mural about the Spanish Civil War.It depicts a bombing attack on a town, but I like it because there’s lots going on and it really makes you think about what happened on that day.
好吧，我喜歡的畫是畢卡索的，叫做“格爾尼卡”。這是一個關於西班牙內戰的壁畫。它反映了對一個城市的轟炸攻擊，但我喜歡它，因為每天發生很多事，但它真正使我對那天發生的事情進行了思考。
Yes, it’s one of the world’s most famous paintings… How would you feel if someone went up to it with a black marker pen and wrote their name on it?

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http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160311sa_tech.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
What do you do when hackers kidnap your data and hold it for ransom?Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in California recently faced that question. The hospital’s management decided it was worth forking over $17,000 in bitcoin cyber currency to regain access to their patient digital information and other data held hostage by a malicious software program.
當駭客綁架了你的資料並借此向你索要贖金時，你要採取什麼行動呢?加州的好萊塢長老會醫療中心最近就遭遇了這種問題。醫院管理層決定支付17,000美元比特幣重新收回察看病人資料資訊的權利以及其它被惡意軟體程式控制的資訊資料。
Ransomware, as it has come be known, has been around for years, but this hospital case is perhaps the most egregious example of its use as part of a cyber attack.
Ransomware，這款軟體已經存在很多年。但這次醫療中心的案件，是利用此款軟體進行網路攻擊各種事件中最惡劣的一個。
The medical center issued a statement saying that patient care was not compromised while their data was unavailable. Still, it’s unsettling to hear that a hospital is shut out of parts of its own computer systems and unable to communicate electronically.
醫療中心發表聲明表示，儘管他們的個人資訊已經受限，但是對病人的治療不會受到影響。但是，醫院的部分電腦系統關閉，無法進行電子溝通，這樣的消息讓人不安。
Ransomware does its dirty work by encrypting files until a ransom payment releases the decryption key. Perhaps the most surprising aspect of this case is that the hackers asked for only $17,000—not that much money to an institution that that pulls in hundreds of millions in annual revenue. But it’s almost certain that future instances of ransomware attacks will involve more exorbitant demands.
這種贖金工具軟體的卑鄙之處在於對檔提前非法惡意加密， 直到支付贖金後再放出解密鑰匙。或許此次事件最令人震驚的一方面就是駭客只索要了17萬美元贖金——這些錢對一個每年的財政預算能有幾百上千萬的研究機構來講還不是十分可觀。但是可以肯定的是，將來可能出現會提出更極端要求的救贖工具襲擊事件案例。
➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟

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http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160310sa_health.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
“We’ve been dealing with an epidemic in the United States related to opioids.” Wilson Compton, deputy director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health. He spoke February 12th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D.C. “What we’ve seen is that the increased number of prescriptions are driving the nonmedical use of prescription drugs.” Drugs that are prescribed to treat pain.
在美國，我們已經在治療和鴉片有關的流行病。美國國家健康研究會國家藥物濫用研究會副主席，Wilson Compton，於2月12日在華盛頓舉行的美國科學進步協會年度會議上發表講話。我們已經看到越來越多的處方藥被用作非醫療用途。這些藥物是用於治療疼痛的。
“So there’s tremendous availability of prescriptions. There are some 260 million prescriptions written in each year for opioids. That’s not tablets, that’s prescriptions. So it’s millions and millions of these and some of them are available for diversion and use inappropriately.”
所以很多處方都可以被利用。每年含有鴉片的處方大約有2.6億張。這些可不是藥片，這些是處方哦。所以有更多的藥片大部分都被用於消遣娛樂以及其它非正常用途。
Some of the pain patients may become hooked. Or their meds may find their way to friends or relatives who take them recreationally. Or aprescription opioid user may transition to heroin.“Heroin is just another opioid drug, so the brain doesn’t distinguish whether it comes from a pharmacy or from a street drug dealer....
有些疼痛患者也許就上癮了。或者他們的藥流向了朋友或者親屬被用作娛樂。再或者處方藥鴉片使用者也許轉而使用了海洛因。海洛因只是鴉片類藥物的另一種形態，所以大腦並不會刻意區分它來自於藥房還是街頭小販。
“What’s been drawing the most public health attention is the overdose death rates related to prescription opioids and heroin, which have increased markedly over the last 15 years. Right now we see drug overdoses killing nearly 50,000 persons in a given year in the United States….”
由於過量使用處方類鴉片和海洛因導致死亡已經引起公眾健康關注，最近15年上述原因導致的死亡率已經顯著增加。目前，在美國，一年因過量使用此類藥物而死亡的人數就接近5萬人。
“What are we doing about this? We’ve focusing in three areas. We need to think about prevention in terms of reducing access to prescriptions as the ultimate upstream driver of this epidemic. We need to be thinking in terms of saving lives acutely by providing greater access to the reversing drug—this is naloxone--that blocks the impact. So if somebody’s overdosed and they’re not breathing and I can get this medication to them quickly, I can resuscitate them. That gives us a chance to help them turn their lives around with the third aspect, which is greater access to effective treatment, through medication-assisted treatment….

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中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English: we’ll be talking about a story in the news and learning some vocabulary along the way. I’m Alice and joining me today is Neil. Welcome, Neil.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC六分鐘英語學習節目：我們會在新聞中講述故事，學習單詞。我是Alice，今天我的搭檔是Neil.歡迎Neil.
Hi there Alice.
你好，Alice。
Now, Neil are you good with maps?
Neil,你對地圖在不在行？
Good with maps? You mean – am I good at reading maps?
地圖？你的意思是說我擅長看地圖嗎？
Yes. Can you find your way to a place you want to go to just by looking at a map.

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🎁 中英文稿：
Malaria infection begins when a mosquito injects the Plasmodium parasite into the blood. But getting sick is not a certain outcome. "The vast majority of people really only develop either mild malaria or even asymptomatic infections." Nathan Schmidt, a cellular immunologist at the University of Louisville. "It's a very small subset of the hundreds of millions of cases that progress to severe malaria."
瘧疾是由於蚊子叮咬瘧原蟲。但是被這些蚊子叮咬過的人不一定會生病。“大部分人只會得輕度的瘧疾甚至沒有任何症狀。”路易斯維爾大學的細胞免疫學家南森•施密特，說到“只有極小的幾率會發展成為嚴重的瘧疾。”
Some of the variation in illness severity is genetic. Or whether the patient is partially immune, thanks to past exposures. But Schmidt and his colleagues have found another factor that could influence the disease: the host's microbiome.
有一些疾病的變異是遺傳。由於過去的疾病，一些病人會有部分的免疫力。但是施密特和同事們發現影響瘧疾的其他因素：宿主的微生物。
The first clue came during an experiment in lab mice: even though the mice were almost identical genetically, mice that had been bought from different vendors showed variability in their response to infection by the malaria parasite. Turns out, the mice had different microbiomes.
第一條線索來自於對老鼠所作的實驗：即使老鼠們基因基本相同，但這些來自不同商販的老鼠對瘧原蟲所引發的疾病反應不同。結果表明，這些老鼠體內含有不同的微生物。
So the researchers did more tests—they transplanted the gut bugs of both the resistant and the susceptible animals into other mice that had no gut bacteria. And again, mice that now had the resistant microbial mix were spared the worst of a malaria infection—possibly through some sort of 'booster effect' on their immune system thanks to the microbes. The study appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
所以，研究人員進一步進行試驗——施密特和同事們將具有抵抗性和敏感動物的腸道細菌移入體內不含腸道細菌的老鼠體內。結果再次表明。具有混合細菌的老鼠不會發展為最嚴重的瘧疾疾病——可能是由於細菌的免疫系統的推動作用。該研究結果發表在《美國國家科學院院刊 》上。
As for optimizing our microbiomes? "I think that we're pretty far away from this having any kind of real therapeutic potential for humans." Yogurt alone, for example, did not much help the mice. But if and when we do find the right recipe for the anti-malarial microbiome, the researchers say, it could lessen the parasite's effects. And perhaps save thousands of lives.
優化微生物?我認為現在我們離人類真正的治療潛力還差很遠。例如，優酪乳就對這些小老鼠沒有太大的益處。但是如果我們發現抗瘧疾微生物的合適配方，研究人員表示，就會減少寄生蟲的影響。可能也會拯救千萬人的生命。

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🎁 中英文稿：
Chameleons have it easy. If they need to hide from a predator they just change their appearance, and disappear against whatever they happen to be standing on. Surrounded by leaves? Turn green. Tree trunk? Brown it is.
變色龍過的很悠閒。需要躲避捕食者時，他們只需要改變自己外表的顏色，融入它所處的環境就可以了。位於樹葉附近?那麼就變成綠色。位於樹幹處?那麼就變成灰色。
But Aegean wall lizards have a different strategy. They live on the Greek Islands. And instead of changing their appearance, they find a safer spot. That is, they’re really good at picking out just the right background to minimize the chances that they’ll be spotted by a hungry crow or raptor.
但是愛琴海牆蜥蜴則有著不同的策略。它們生活在希臘島嶼上。與變色龍不同，這些蜥蜴在遇到危險時，不會改變外表顏色，而是會尋找一個更加安全的地方。也就是說呢，它們善於挑選自己被饑餓的烏鴉或猛禽發現、弱化自己被捕幾率的恰當的場所。
That’s according to a new study in the journal Scientific Reports.
該結論來自於雜誌《科學報導》的一項最新的研究。
Birds can perceive both visible and ultraviolet light, so researchers snapped regular and UV photos of lizards basking on rocks to figure out how the lizards look to birds. The scientists discovered that the lizards’ camouflage is precisely tuned to avian eyeballs, helping them seem to disappear. Lizards with darker backs hang out on darker rocks. Lighter ones choose lighter rocks. It’s the first time that wild animals have been recorded explicitly choosing the best background to enhance their own camouflage.
鳥類能夠感知可見光和紫外線，所以研究人員拍攝了蜥蜴在岩石上曬太陽的常規照片和紫外線照片，以研究蜥蜴外觀對鳥的影響。科學家發現，蜥蜴的偽裝色準確的跟隨鳥類的眼球顏色而變化，這能幫助蜥蜴偽裝自己。背部顏色較深的蜥蜴趴在深顏色的石頭山，而淺顏色的則選擇淺色的石頭。這是人們第一次記錄野生動物會準確選擇最佳背景提高自己的偽裝幾率。
Another observation: when lizards aren’t under the constant threat of death, they’re less picky. “On the island with the lower risk this kind of background choice, to improve their level of camouflage, is much less evident than on the island with high predation risk.”

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English: the programme in which we talk about a story in the news and learn some vocabulary while we’re doing it. I’m Neil and joining me today is Jen. Hi there, Jen.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC英語學習的六分鐘英語，我們討論的是新聞中的故事，同時學習一些詞彙，我是Neil，今天和我一起的是Jen。你好，Jen。
Hi Neil.
你好Neil。
Now, this sounds like every struggling language student’s dream...
這個故事聽起來像是每一個為語言學習苦苦掙扎的學生的夢...
A piece of technology which could put an end to hours and hours of study…
一種科技可以結束數以小時計的研究...
It sounds like something from science fiction…

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【geology】地質學：mesosphere layer　地球內部結構 
　
1. crust [krʌst] n. 地殼 (continental/oceanic crust 大陸/海洋地殼)
　The earth's crust is its outer layer. The thickness of the earth's crust varies from about 5 miles under the oceans to about 25 miles under the continents.
　
2. stratum [ˋstretəm] n. 地層 smile 表情符號 layer; pl. strata)
　Strata contain clues that tell geologists what the earth was like in the past. The crust is the layer that we live on. 
　
3. mantle [ˋmæntḷ] n. 地幔
　Beneath the crust lies the mantle, which is the part of the Earth below the crust and surrounding the core.
　
4. lithosphere [ˋlɪθə͵sfɪr] n. 岩石圈
　The lithosphere is the comparatively rigid outer layer of the earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle.
　

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Callum.
大家好，歡迎收聽BBC六分鐘英語。我是Callum。
And I’m Jennifer.
我是Jennifer。
Now Jennifer, how squeamish are you?
對了Jennifer，你平常會感到噁心嗎？
Squeamish?
噁心？
Yes, squeamish. For example, how do you feel when you see blood?
對啊，噁心。比如說，當你看到血的時候，你有什麼感覺？

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🎁 中英文稿：
“Less than 4 percent of countries are responsible for over half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.
世界上多半溫室氣體是由有世界上不到4%的國家排放的。
Glenn Althor, of the University of Queensland.
來自于昆士蘭大學的格林•奧瑟說到。
“This means that the majority of countries are unfairly bearing the burden of a problem that they did not create. Clearly, this isn’t fair by any definition. It’s much like a non-smoker being trapped in a room and getting cancer from second hand smoke while a heavy smoker continues to puff away in good health.”
“這非常的不公平，因為大多數國家要為不是自己製造的難題負責。顯然，這並不是公平的問題。這就好比一個不吸煙的人被困在一個房間裡，因為吸食二手煙而得了癌症。但是那些癮君子呢，卻身體健康，揚長而去。”
Althor and colleagues at the University of Queensland and the Wildlife Conservation Society have just published a study analyzing the contributions to climate change by the world’s nations versus the effect that climate change will have on those countries.
奧瑟和來自于昆士蘭大學以及野生動物保護協會的同事們最近發佈了一項研究，該研究分析了引起氣候變化的國家以及氣候變化對於這些國家的影響。
“We found that developed nations, such as Australia, the United States, Canada and Russia, are essentially climate free riders, driving the problem of climate change while incurring relatively few of the costs, such as devastating flood, increased extreme weather and rising sea levels.”

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🎁 中英文稿：
When patients show up in a hospital with a respiratory illness, they’re usually given an antibiotic, which do not work against viral infections. Even though most of these respiratory infections are viral.
病人出現呼吸系統疾病時，醫生通常會給病人注射抗生素，但抗生素並不能治療病毒性疾病。而大多數呼吸系統疾病都是病毒性的。
It’s estimated that in these cases antibiotics are incorrectly prescribed nearly three quarters of the time. And the overuse of antibiotics is a huge problem, helping to drive the development of strains of bacteria that are resistant to our antibiotics.
據估計，大多數情況下，抗生素的注射時間都是錯誤的。同時，濫用抗生素也是一個大問題。因為濫用抗生素會使一些細菌具有耐抗生素性。
So scientists have been searching for a tool that would quickly allow doctors to diagnose whether a patient has a viral or bacterial infection—and thus know for sure whether to prescribe an antibiotic.
所以，科學家們一直都在研究能讓醫生迅速診斷出病人所患的是細菌性疾病或病毒疾病的方法——這樣醫生就能判定是否應該為醫生開抗生素。
“The new approach that we take rests on the premise that any time we are exposed to something in our environment—whether it’s cigarette smoke, changes in our diet, an infection—our bodies react to that.”
我們所採用新方法基於的假設是，無論我們何時與環境中的事物接觸時——例如香煙煙霧、飲食變化以及疾病——我們的身體都會對此作出反應。
Ephraim Tsalik of Duke University. He and colleagues investigated gene expression—which genes are activated and which remain dormant—in 273 emergency room patients. Some had a bacterial infection, some had a viral one, some had both and some had no communicable disease at all. The researchers also studied 44 healthy adults as a control.
杜克大學的Ephraim Tsalik和同事們調查了273個急診室病人基因表達——基因啟動以及基因休眠狀態。有些病人感染的是細菌疾病，有的則感染的是病毒疾病，有的感染了兩種疾病，同時有的沒患任何感染疾病。研究人員還研究了44名健康成年人作為對照。

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Callum and with me today is Neil. Hello Neil.
大家好，歡迎來到六分鐘英語，我是Callum，今天我們請到的是Neil。Neil你好。
Hi there Callum.
你好，Callum。
In today’s programme we’re going to be talking about the word ‘omnishambles’.Every year a committee at the Oxford English Dictionary comes up with a list of new words that have made a big impact on the English language.
在今天的節目中我們將討論一下“omnishables”這個詞。每年，牛津英語詞典委員會都會列出一個新單字清單，這一清單對英語語言產生了重要影響。
Now they aren’t necessarily words that will make their way into dictionaries any time soon but they are words that have been influenced by popular culture, sport, politics and other current affairs.
現在，還沒有必要把這些單詞馬上收錄到詞典中，但他們都是受到流行文化、體育、政治和其他一些時事所影響而出現的詞。
This year, at the top of their list, was the word omnishambles. Before we learn more about it, here’s a question for you, Neil, about dictionaries. From the following, who published the earliest English alphabetical dictionary? Was it Robert Cawdrey, Samuel Johnson or Noah Webster?