☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1033.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Sophie…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是蘇菲。
Neil? … [sound of a smartphone] Neil!
尼爾？(手機鈴聲響）尼爾！
Oh, sorry! … And I’m Neil.
噢，抱歉！我是尼爾。
Neil, please put down your phone. We’re doing the show!
尼爾，請把你的手機放下。我們在錄節目！

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160407sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
City dwellers can attest that the animals they share the city with—the pigeons, rats, roaches—can be pretty brazen when they're prowling for a bite. While visiting Barbados, McGill University neurobiologist Jean-Nicolas Audet, noticed that local bullfinches were accomplished thieves.
城市居民可以證明，與他們共享城市的動物——企鵝、老鼠、蟑螂，在尋找食物的時候，可以說是厚顏無恥。麥吉爾大學的神經生物學家珍-尼古拉斯`奧戴特在參觀巴巴多斯時，注意到當地的紅腹灰雀是出了名的小偷。
"They were always trying to steal our food. And we can see those birds entering in supermarkets, trying to steal food there." And that gave him an idea. "Since this bird species is able to solve amazing problems in cities, and they're also present in rural areas, we were wondering" are the rural birds also good problem-solvers, and they just don't take advantage of their abilities? Or are they fundamentally different?
“它們一直都在頭偷我們的食物。我們看到這些鳥進入超級市場，試圖偷那裡的食物。”這給了奧戴特靈感。“城市中的鳥類能夠解決問題，農村地區存在這些問題，我們在想”農村的鳥類也善於解決問題，它們只是沒有充分利用自己的能力?而是這些鳥完全不同呢? 
So Audet and his McGill colleagues captured Barbados bullfinches, both in the island's towns and out in the countryside. They then administered the bird equivalent of personality and IQ tests: assessing traits like boldness and fear, or timing how quickly the finches could open a puzzle box full of seeds. And it turns out the city birds really could solve puzzles faster. They were bolder, too, except when it came to dealing with new objects—perhaps assuming, unlike their more naive country cousins, that new things can either mean reward…or danger. The study is in the journal Behavioral Ecology.
所以，奧戴特和麥吉爾大學的同事逮捕了巴巴多斯島嶼城鎮以及農村的紅腹灰雀。之後，他們對鳥類的性格以及智商進行監測：評估了勇氣以及恐懼等特徵，或者灰雀多長時間可以琢開箱子裡的種子。結果表明，城市的鳥兒能夠更快的解決難題。同時，它們的膽子也更大。但是，在處理新事物方面，則不如農村的鳥兒，因為新鮮的事物對它們意味著獎勵或者危險。該研究結果發表在《行為生態學》雜誌上。
The city birds bested their country counterparts in another trait: they have more robust immune systems, possibly from scavenging food and water in dirty places. Which suggests that sometimes, a city's dirt and grit could be the very thing that gives avian residents a wing up.
城市的鳥兒在另外一個方面也擊敗了農村鳥兒：它們有更強健的免疫系統，可以淨化骯髒地方的食物和水。這表明，有時候，城市的灰塵和沙礫可能幫助鳥類。
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MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/9.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Rob and joining me today is Jen.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC學習英語的六分鍾英語節目。我是羅伯，今天加入我的是珍。
Hi.
你好。
Hi Jen, Now I'm sure like everyone else, you heard the news recently about the cruise ship, the Costa Concordia, which hit some rocks and capsized – or overturned.
你好，珍。現在我肯定你和其他人一樣聽過關於科斯塔康科迪亞號遊艇的最新報導，它觸及一些礁石而傾覆翻倒。
Yes I did hear. It really was a dreadful story, terrible news for everyone involved.
是的，我確實聽到了。它真是一個可怕的故事，對任何人來說都是很可怕。
It was a terrible disaster. People have been discussing and speculating how it happened and particularly about the actions of the captain. In today's programme we're talking about what is and what isn't acceptable behaviour for the captain of a ship during a disaster at sea.

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160406sa_tech.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Our smartphones, tablets, laptops—they all compute things electronically. But, think outside that silicon box for a second: "There's nothing special about electrons and using silicon as part of computing." Chris Voigt, a bioengineer at MIT. "You can do computing with any number of things." Including, he says, DNA.
我們的智能手機、平板電腦、筆記本——它們都是以電子方式進行計算。但是，考慮一下那個箱子之外的事物：“利用電子和矽進行計算並沒有什麼特殊的。” 克里斯•沃伊特是麻省理工學院的生物工程師。“你可以利用計算機計算任何事物的數量。”這其中，就包括DNA。
"Cells do computing all the time. So they're constantly trying to interpret their environment and be able to turn on different genes and respond to it." And those genes in a cellular circuit are like the logic gates, the memory, and other systems found in conventional computers.
“細胞一直都在進行計算。所以，它們一直在試圖了解周圍的環境，並控制DNA，並對其作出反應。”這些在細胞電路中的基因就像傳統電腦中的邏輯門、內存和其他的系統。
So Voigt and his colleagues created what he calls the first human-made "programming language" for living cells. It's an open-source design environment called "Cello." Just write what you want the cell to do, and Cello spits out the DNA sequence—as if you were compiling code. The researchers used the platform to design 60 genetic circuits, which they then ran inside E. coli bacteria. Many of these DNA-based circuits allow bacteria to sense environmental data - like levels of oxygen or glucose in the gut - and respond in various ways. They detail the findings in the journal Science.
所以，沃伊特和同事們創造了人類首例的活細胞“編程語言”。這種開放源碼的設計環境稱為“Cello”。你只需寫下需要細胞做些什麼，這時候Cello翻譯DNA序列——就好像你在進行編碼。研究人員利用這一平台設計了60個遺傳電路，他們可以利用這些遺傳電路應用於大腸桿菌內部。許多基於DNA的電路都允許細菌感覺環境數據——例如大腸中的氧氣以及葡萄糖的含量——並通過不同的方式作出反應。該研究結果發表在《科學》雜誌上。
Not all the circuits worked as intended. A quarter of them failed, and some were toxic to the cells. But the idea is to make cellular circuit design easier—and more approachable—to creative people. "When I was a graduate student I had a computer file for Microsoft Word that had all my favorite pieces of DNA. And I would have to sit there and stitch it together and try to remember how each one worked, and constantly run programs to try to look for mistakes."
但是並不是所有的電路都會按照預期的方式運行。有1/4的電路失敗了，而有的電路則會毒害細胞。但是，這種創作想法會使有創新精神的人將細胞電路設計更加簡單——更易成功。“當我還在讀研究生的時候，我有一個電腦文件裡面包含了我最愛的DNA片段。我會坐在那裡，將這些片斷拼接到一起，並試圖記住這些片斷是如何運作的，我還經常運行程序試圖找到其中的錯誤。”
Cello takes care of all that. And now, Voigt says, biology is right about where electrical engineering was in the early 80s: ready for a computing revolution.

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I’m Rob and with me today is Rosie.
歡迎來到BBC6分鐘英語學習。
Hi there.
大家好
In our programme today we’re talking about airports. I’m sure many of us have used one. They are a departure point for great adventures and they are amazing crossroads for people travelling across the world.
今天我們的節目，我們將聊聊飛機場。我確信大家都曾有在機場的經歷。那裡有可供探索的出發通道和供向各地出發的旅客提供的交通十字樞紐。
Big airports are necessary too for a country’s trade. But why are we talking about them today?
大機場對於一個國家的貿易也是必要的。但為什麼我們今天聊這個話題？
Well, airport expansion has been in the news and particularly plans to expand Hong Kong International airport which could turn it into the World’s biggest.

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/10.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil and with me today is Jennifer.
歡迎來到BBC英語學習的6分鐘英語欄目。我是尼爾，今天跟我一起的是珍妮佛。
Hi Neil.
你好，尼爾。
Now we’re talking about films today. Are you a film buff, Jennifer?
現在我們討論今天的電影。你是一個電影迷嗎，珍妮佛？
A buff is someone who’s very interested in a certain subject and knows a lot about it. I do like watching films both at the cinema and at home, but I wouldn’t really say I’m a film buff because I don’t have a lot of knowledge. What about you Neil?
一個迷就是對某些事物很感興趣並很瞭解它們的人。我確實很喜歡在電影院和家裡看電影，但是我真的不能說我是個影迷，因為我沒有很多相關的知識。你怎麼樣呢，尼爾？
Likewise, I do enjoy the cinema; though Hollywood movies aren’t really my favourite.I do like a good art-house film though. The movies we’re talking about in today’s programme aren’t any old films. We’re talking about the United States National Film Registry. But before we get onto that I have a quiz question for you, Jennifer. Are you ready?

【CHEMISTRY 化學】：solution溶液
　
1. solution [səˋluʃən] n. 溶液
Solution is a mixture of two or more individual substances. 
　　
2. dissolve [dɪˋzɑlv] v. 溶解
To dissolve is to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed. 　
　
3. solvent [osɑlvənt] n. 溶劑
The substance that causes dissolution is the solvent.
　
4. solubility [͵sɑljəˋbɪlətɪ] n. 可溶性；溶解度
The ability of a substance to dissolve in another is called its solubility.
The solubility of a substance in a certain solvent is defined to be the maximum amount of the substance which will dissolve in a given quantity of the solvent.

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160402sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
“Both of us were in the lab when we just saw a spider, and I'm really afraid of them. So I started to scream for her to come and pick it up because she's not afraid of them.”
“我看到蜘蛛時，那時我們兩都在實驗室，我真的非常害怕蜘蛛。所以我就開始大聲尖叫讓她來幫我把蜘蛛弄走，因為她不害怕蜘蛛。”
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev psychologist Tali Leibovich, talking about herself and a colleague.
班古里昂大學的內蓋夫心理學家Tali Leibovich，談論了自己和同事的經歷。
“And she said, 'but it's small, how come you're afraid of it?' And I said, 'no it's huge!' And she said 'it's small'; I said 'it's huge.' We started arguing, and this is why we started this study. To see who is right."
“我的同事說，蜘蛛就那麼小，你怎麼會害怕它呢?”我說，不，它那麼大。她說蜘蛛很小的，但我則說，蜘蛛很大。我們開始爭論起來。為了證明誰的觀點是對的，我進行了這項研究。
Leibovich does not ordinarily study spiders. But this spider encounter made her curious about how the human brain understands magnitude—what are the factors that influence our estimation of how big or small something is? And does fear play a role?
Leibovich並沒有研究蜘蛛。但是這次偶遇蜘蛛的經歷讓她開始好奇人類的大腦如何理解大小——究竟是哪些因素在影響我們評判事物大小的標準的呢?恐懼是否也起作用呢?
So she and colleagues did an experiment in which participants had to say how big a spider in a photo was on a scale from housefly to goat. And the subjects who were afraid of spiders consistently rated the arachnids as larger than did the non-phobic participants.
所以她和同事做了一個實驗。實驗中，參與者必須說出照片的中蜘蛛與家蠅以及山羊相比的大小。與不害怕蜘蛛的參與者相比，害怕的實驗物件總認為蜘蛛較大。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160124sa_health.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Otzi—or as he's also known, the Iceman—was discovered frozen in the Alps in 1991 by two German tourists. The 5,300-year-old body has been analyzed in various ways and been the subject of numerous scientific publications. And now it's been looked at again. Because scientists realized that the contents of the Iceman's stomach were still intact. Which gave them the chance to look for evidence of the common stomach bacteria Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori. What they found tells us more about Otzi—and more about how Otzi's ancestors came to Europe. The study is in the journal Science.
奧茨——也被稱為冰人，是1991年，由兩名德國遊客在阿爾卑斯上發現。這具約有5300年曆史的屍體已經由多種方法分析研究，並成為眾多科學出版物的出版對象。現在它又引起了人們的關注。因為科學家發現奧茨的胃部仍完好無損。這就給予了科學家尋找研究常見的幽門螺旋桿菌的機會。科學家的發現向我們揭示了更多關於奧茨的資訊——以及更多關於奧茨的祖先是如何來到歐洲的。該研究結果發表在《科學》雜誌上。
The researchers were able to extract genes from H. pylori in the stomach to produce the oldest known genome sequence of a pathogen. The Iceman seems to have been infected with a virulent strain. So in his last days on Earth, Otzi probably had one bad bellyache.
研究人員能從幽門螺旋桿菌中提取基因用以產生最古老的病原體基因序列，似乎冰人感染了一種致命的菌株。所以，在奧茨在世的最後一天，可能腹痛導致他斃命。
“The strain had already reacted with the Iceman's immune system. This we could show. So we showed the presence of marker proteins which we see today in patients infected with Helicobacter.” The University of Vienna's Frank Maixner.
這種毒株可能已經與冰人的免疫系統反應。我們可以證明此點。所以我們發現，感染了幽門螺旋桿菌的病人其有標誌性蛋白質存在。來自維也納大學的弗蘭克•麥克斯說到。
It's estimated that more than half the world's human population harbors various strains of the ulcer-causing bacteria. And different strains are associated with different places on the globe.
據估計，世界上有一半以上的人口患有由細菌引發的腹痛，但是地球上不同地方腹痛不同。
“We use then Helicobacter as a surrogate for what humans were doing at various stages of our prehistory.” Yoshan Moodley from South Africa's University of Venda.

【大馬路上的英文~】

如何問路：
1. How do I get to Main Street?
2. Where is the closest gas station?
3. Can you tell me where the community centre is?
4. I’m looking for Jane Street. 
5. Are you from around here?

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160401sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Chimpanzees spend about half their day chewing. "And for context, think about how much time a day you spend chewing." Daniel Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard University. "So how did we make that transition, from spending most of our day or half of our day chewing, to spending less than five percent?"
黑猩猩每天要花一半的時間咀嚼食物。上下對比，考慮一下你每天花多少時間呢?這是丹尼爾•利伯曼，哈佛大學的一位元人類進化生物學教授說到。“那麼我們是如何從每天花費大部分時間吃東西轉變為現在花費大約不到5%的時間這個樣子呢?”
Cooking certainly tenderizes food, making it easier to chew and digest. But evidence for human cookfires goes back only about 500,000 years, if that. And Homo erectus had already evolved weaker jaws, and smaller teeth, more than a million years before that. So Lieberman and his colleague Katherine Zink began their investigation by recreating a paleolithic dinner: yams, carrots, beets… and goat meat. "If you were to try to eat some raw goat with your teeth you would find that you would chew and chew and chew, it's like bubblegum."
烹調確實把食物軟化了，使食物更易咀嚼消化。但是，有證據顯示人類使用火來烹調的時間只能追溯到大約500000年前，如果確實的話。而直立人進化出弱化的下頜以及較小的牙齒的時間，比那時還要早一百萬年呀。所以利伯曼和他的同事凱薩琳•辛克開始通過重塑舊石器時代的晚餐的情況來對此事進行調查研究：有白薯，胡蘿蔔，甜菜和山羊肉。如果你曾試著用牙齒直接吃生羊肉，你會發現你需要不停的嚼啊嚼啊，就像在吃泡泡糖。
Lucky volunteers got to experience that, by chewing the food. Either in its wild, un-tenderized state, or after it was bashed or sliced with Flintstonian tools. As the study subjects ate, the researchers monitored the frequency and force of each chew. And they found that a diet of abundant, pre-sliced meat, with a side of pounded root vegetables, might have saved Homo erectus two and a half million chews a year. Meaning: less need for big, bulky jaws and teeth. The research is in the journal Nature.
有些幸運的志願者參與調查時通過吃食物經歷了上述情景。不管是原始的，未經烹調的狀態，或者是在用工具敲打切碎後的食物。研究人員們檢測了他們每次咀嚼的頻率和力度。結果發現，豐富的提前切好的肉類，配上一些根莖類蔬菜，也許可以使直立人每年少拒絕250萬次咀嚼。意味著：就不需要巨大的，笨重的下頜以及牙齒。該研究已經發表在《自然》雜誌上。
Of course, these days "processed food" has a pretty bad rap. But for our ancestors, food processing was key. "It's hard for people today to imagine what it was like to eat and cook and hunt during those times. For the vast majority of our evolutionary history, our ancestors had to work pretty hard to chew their dinner." Something for you to chew on, perhaps over dinner tonight.
當然，近年來的加工食品口碑不是很好。但是對於我們的祖先來講，加工處理食物可是進化的關鍵。對當下的人類來講，很難想像他們在當時原始條件下吃東西、烹飪以及狩獵這類活動。對於我們人類進化歷史上佔有相當大的一部分時間，我們的祖先不得不花費在晚餐上面。對你來講，吃那些東西或許要花費一整晚才能搞定。
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 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/41.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I’m Rosie and with me today is Rob.
大家好，歡迎來到今天的BBC六分鐘英語學習，我是Rosie，和我一起的是Rob。
Hello there.
大家好。
In this programme, we take a look at an interesting story from this week’s news…
在今天的節目中，我們從本周的新聞中截取一段有趣的小故事奉獻給大家...
…and we teach you some useful vocabulary while we’re doing it!
在瞭解故事的同時，教授大家一些有用的詞彙。
This week’s story is about racing animals. Everyone will be familiar with horse racing, but can you think of any other animals that you can race?

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1031.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Sophie…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是蘇菲。
And I’m Neil… What did you do at the weekend, Sophie?
我是尼爾。蘇菲，你週末都做什麼了？
I did a spot of gardening.
我弄了弄花草。
So, you are you a keen gardener?
所以，你是一名園藝愛好者嗎？
Yes, I am, Neil. And gardening is the subject of today’s show! Now why don’t we start with a quiz question?

痰
1. phlegm
2. sputum

1. phlegm[flɛm]
《ㄈ“輪(台語)”(嗯)》
📣：http://goo.gl/Xj5ptt

ph“付”，l“ㄌ”，e“ㄝ”，m“嗯”
名詞：痰，黏液

2. sputum[ˋspjutəm]
spu-tum《死“ㄅU”疼(嗯)》
📣：http://goo.gl/RH9W73

sp“ㄙㄅ”，u“ U ”，t“ㄊ”，u“ㄜ”，m“嗯”

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160329sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Carl Sagan once referred to our home planet as [CLIP: "a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam."] And that poetic description holds true for a lot of exoplanets, too. In fact one of the simplest ways we detect exoplanets is by looking at their sunbeam… and measuring how it dims, ever so slightly, as the exoplanet passes across it, called a transit.
卡爾•薩根曾經這樣描述我們居住的地球：陽光普照下的一顆微小塵埃。而這種詩情畫意的描述對很多外星球來說也是適用的。實際上，我們探測外星球的一個簡單方法就是通過觀察它們的反射光，並且測量光線的衰減情況。隨著外星球運動，外星球的反射光路過太陽的時候會衰減，即使有時候衰減很弱，這種現像被稱為凌。
Which raises an interesting question: "Thinking about extraterrestrial observers—which of them would observe the Earth, moving across our own sun?" Ralph Pudritz, a theoretical astrophysicist at McMaster University in Canada. He and his colleague René Heller quantified the narrow band of space from which any observers on other worlds would be able to see the Earth transiting the sun.
這就引發了一個有趣的問題: 考慮一下地外觀測器——可以用來觀測地球，那麼當我們穿過太陽的時候呢？這是Ralph Pudritz，加拿大McMaster 大學的天體物理學家。他和他的同事René Heller測量了一下在其它宇宙上可以看到地球凌日侍的任何一個觀測器到地球之間的狹長帶的距離。
And they determined that this line of sight would be a plane just half a degree thick, but that cuts through a slice of our galaxy that's estimated to contain 100,000 sunlike stars… along with their companion planets. The analysis is in the journal Astrobiology.
他們確認了這條狹長帶為一個只有半度厚的平面結構，但是卻可以使得像是含有100000個太陽般大小的恆星所在的我們這種銀河系的一部分光線通過， 連同發出光線的星球。該研究分析已經發表在《天體生物學》雜誌上。
Pudritz and Heller suggest that hunters of extraterrestrial life may want to listen particularly closely for signals originating at star systems within that narrow band of galactic sky. Advanced civilizations there may have already detected us using the transit method, they say, and may now be sending us a message. You might think of this paper, then, like a treasure map, for intelligent life. "We don't know if there's treasure out there of course, right? You never know that about a treasure map. But it's a good place to look.”
Pudritz 和Heller 建議，搜尋地外生命體也許需要特別密切注意在一個狹長的星級空間帶中的一個恆星系統發出的原始信號。高等文明也許已經用這種凌日的方法發現了我們的存在，他們說，也許現在這些高等文明正在給我們發信息呢。你也許想看看這片文章，想看一個藏寶圖一樣，尋找智能生命體。我們當然不知道是否有寶藏，對吧?你從來沒見過那個藏寶圖，但是去參觀一下也不錯。
➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/7.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Rob.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC學習英語的6分鐘英語節目。我是羅伯。
And I’m Rosie.
我是羅西。
Today we’re talking about the humble sausage, or to use the English slang, bangers. So are you a fan of sausages Rosie?
今天我們談論的是不起眼的香腸，或者用英語俚語就是bangers。羅西，你喜歡香腸嗎？
Yes I am, I love sausages Rob.
是的，我喜歡香腸，羅伯。
Me too, I love them and so do locals and visitors to the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague.

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/24.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Chris.
歡迎收聽BBC六分鐘英語欄目。我是克里斯。
And I’m Rosie.
我是羅西。
And today we are going to talk about a new invention that promises to influence our dreams.
今天我們將談論一個新的發明，它將影響我們的夢。
Oh, that sounds exciting! I love new inventions!
哇，這聽起來很令人興奮！我喜歡這些新發明！
That’s good, Rosie! But calm down - hold your horses - because we have to start with the usual challenge for our listeners. Now, I want to put a question to you and the answer is linked to sleep and dreams. What do the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, the former French leader Napoleon Bonaparte and the famous English nurse Florence Nightingale have in common?
這真棒，羅西！但先冷靜一下，別著急，因為我們要從給聽眾們的通常問題開始。現在，我想向你提出一個問題，答案與睡眠和夢相關聯。英國前首相瑪格麗特•柴契爾、法國前領導人拿破崙•波拿巴和英國著名護士弗羅倫斯•南丁格爾有什麼共同之處？

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2015/20150302sa_earth.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
It's harder and harder to find peace and, especially, quiet. Just ask a field researcher deep in the wilderness. Even in the most remote parts of Alaskathe sound of a jet crossing overhead is all too common.
尋求安寧越來越難，想要安靜更難。不信你隨便去問一個某一領域深入荒野的專家，即使在阿拉斯加最偏遠的地區，頭上傳來飛機的聲音也是件很尋常的事。
So scientists with the National Park Service set off across the U.S. to study our audio ecology. They recorded more than a million hours of sound from the depths of the Great Basin's deserts to the hurly burley of the megalopolis that stretches from Boston, through New York City and on to Washington, D.C.
美國國家公園管理局的科學家們紛紛出發前往美國各地研究美國的“音訊生態”。從大盆地的沙漠深處到喧囂雜鬧的大都市，從波士頓、穿越紐約市再到華盛頓，他們記錄下了超過100萬小時的聲音。
They found that if you're craving quiet on the east coast head to the north woods of Maine or the Adirondacks in upstate New York. But for real quiet—defined as less than 20 decibels—the West is best.
他們發現，如果你在東海岸想尋求安靜，那就前往緬因州的北部森林或者去紐約州北部的阿迪朗達克山脈。但若你想要獲得真正的安靜——比如說低於20分貝的安靜——西部是最好的選擇。
The great swath of territory west of the Rockies but east of the western coast includes national parks, wilderness areas and even public lands that are probably as quiet as they were centuries ago. The researchers made that claim while presenting their findings at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on February 16th.
洛磯山脈以西的大片領土、西海岸東部廣大地區包括國家公園、自然保護區甚至公有土地可能都像幾百年前一樣安靜。研究人員于2月16日在美國科學促進協會的年度會議上發表了他們的研究結果。
Noise pollution is not good for people and it's even worse for animals with more sensitive ears, like bats. And the problem is not confined to land but echoes across the seas as well, where human-produced noise interferes with the lives of various ocean dwellers, including whales. These days on Earth it's rare to hear [silence].

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/28.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 minute English. My name is Neil and with me today is Rosie.
歡迎收聽BBC六分鐘英語欄目。我是尼爾，今天來到我們節目的還有羅西。
Hi there.
大家好。
Now Rosie, are you one of those people who walks down the road while trying to send a text message?
羅西，你屬於那種走馬路時還試圖發短信的人嗎？
Of course! I do it all the time.
當然是！我一直都這樣做。
And have you ever had an accident because you haven’t been looking where you are going?

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20150924sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Parts of the planet warm and cool during El Niño and La Niña. And infectious diseases also wax and wane in step with the climate cycle. Please visit www.chinavoa.com

 to get more information. Take malaria—shown to spike in northern Venezuela during cool, La Niña conditions. Or flu pandemics, which often follow months after La Niña sets in. Now researchers have linked another public health risk to El Niño climate cycling: poisonous viper bites.
在厄爾尼諾和拉尼娜現象期間，地球上一部分地區冷熱交替。同時一些傳染性的疾病也跟氣候迴圈交替興衰。以瘧疾為例，在寒冷的拉尼娜現象期間，委內瑞拉北部的瘧疾病例上升。抑或流感，通常在拉尼娜發生幾個月後出現疫情。現在研究者們已經把另外一種危害公共健康的危險因素和厄爾尼諾氣候迴圈聯繫到一起：那就是毒蛇咬傷事件。
Their study area was Costa Rica—where health centers keep rigorous records on snakebites. They compared nine years of those snakebite records—including some 6,500 bites—to climate data over the same period. And they found that snakebites were two to three times as prevalent in the hottest and coldest years of the El Niño climate cycle.
他們研究的區域在哥斯大黎加——當地健康中心對毒蛇咬傷事件做了詳細的記錄。研究者們將近9年的毒蛇咬傷的記錄和——其中包括6500起咬傷事件——同期的氣候資料進行比較。研究發現，在厄爾尼諾氣候迴圈期間最熱和最冷的時期，毒蛇傷人事件的概率要高出2至3倍。
Sounds counter intuitive—you might expect the climate extremes to have opposite effects. But the researchers say in hot, dry years, plant productivity peaks, driving an increase in the number of rodents—aka snake food, potentially increasing the number of snakes. And snakes tend to move around more in hot, dry weather—increasing chances they'll encounter—and attack—an unlucky farmer.
聽上去挺反常的——你也許會認為極端氣候條件下應該有與之相反的結果。但是研究人員稱，在炎熱乾燥的年份，植物的生長速度處於旺盛階段，使得齧齒類動物的數量增加——而齧齒類動物又是蛇的食物，潛在的，蛇的數量也就增加了。蛇又喜歡在炎熱乾燥的天氣四處遊蕩——這就增加了撞見它們的機率——以及攻擊——倒楣農夫的幾率。
In cold, wet years, on the other hand, prey numbers plummet—forcing snakes to travel beyond their usual slithering grounds to eat—again increasing chances of an unlucky meeting. The study is in the journal Science Advances.