☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

😍雙語職場：如何融入新工作？😍

Talk it out. When moving from one job to another or transitioning between bosses and departments you can easily get stuck with twice the work. You might be eager to start the new job, but the expert advises sitting down with the old and new bosses together to reach an agreement about how the transition will be handled. Who will take over your old role? What will your new job’s responsibilities entail? If you’re asked to take on work in addition to what you do now, ask for a priority list and find out who you will report to for the new responsibilities.
及時與上司溝通。當更換工作，或換到其他上司手下或其他部門時，你很容易被雙倍工作壓得不知所措。也許你渴望開始新工作，但專家建議你應當與新、舊上司坐到一起，就如何過渡工作達成共識。誰來接手你以前的職務？你的新工作需要你承擔哪些責任？如果你被要求在現有工作之外額外承擔任務，索要一張工作優先順序列表，找出你應該向誰彙報新工作。

Understand the new rules.Just because you are still in the same company, doesn’t mean you will be playing by the same rules. Take the time to learn how things operate in your new work situation. Do not say “It’s easy to think, I know the company, and I’ve been here for 20 years”. It’s really important not to assume that it’s the same. While you handed in monthly reports and held monthly meetings in your old job, a new manager may expect you to report your progress weekly or meet more frequently. Be sure to ask about these details early on. And talk to colleagues about the particulars of the departmental culture.
熟悉新制度。你還在同一家公司工作，並不代表你要遵照原有制度辦事。花些時間瞭解你新崗位的工作流程。一定不要說：“這太容易理解了，我十分瞭解這家公司，我在這裡工作二十年了”。不要想當然地認為制度都一樣，這很重要。在舊的崗位上，也許你每月提交一次總結，每月參加一次例會，但新上司可能期望你每週總結工作進展或更頻繁地開會。確保儘早詢問相關細節，並與同事們探討部門文化的細則。

Stay open. Reorganization usually leads to angst and fear among employees, whether it’s a favorite co-worker whose place you’ll be taking or former peers who now report to you. You’ll be bringing whatever old baggage you have and dealing with the worries of new colleagues. Don’t be surprised by push-back from co-workers who may see your new role as a threat. Be open with your colleagues about your role and how it fits into the group.
開誠佈公地與同事交流。重組通常會在雇員中造成焦慮和恐懼情緒。不論你將要接手你最喜愛的同伴的職位，還是過去的同事現在要向你彙報工作，你都應該勇於承擔“舊包袱”，並消除新同事心裡的擔憂。對於同事的“不配合”行為不要感到詫異，他們很可能視你的新角色為眼中釘。你應該開誠佈公地與同事們探討你的新角色以及如何融入團隊。
Learn to let go. Consider in advance what might happen if you’re needed back in the old job — even temporarily. Will your new manager be on board with the idea? Can other colleagues or outside consultants help if a crisis hits and your hands are full? Make sure you run interference for yourself, and plan for the unexpected.
學會如何避免萬事纏身。事先思考如果公司需要你重新回到舊崗位上——哪怕只是臨時性的——會發生什麼事呢？你的新上司能接受這個主意嗎？其他同事或外聘顧問會不會在危機來襲或你手頭壓滿工作時伸出援助之手？確保你能給自己“開道”，並對意外情況有所準備。

Manage your relationships. While you may have a new set of colleagues, preserving relationships with old co-workers and managers is important, particularly in such a volatile work environment. Stop by to say hello or to invite a former boss to coffee. There’s so much reorganization. You might end up back with those people.
保持人際交往。雖然你有了一群新同事，但與舊同事和舊上司保持聯繫十分重要，特別是在這種易變的工作環境中。可以順道拜訪舊上司，向他問好或請他喝杯咖啡。公司人員重組太常見了，也許最終你會再與“老人們”共事。

文章來源:http://goo.gl/7Cx15r

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🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2016/20160602sa_earth.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
If you were searching for a life form unlike anything known to science, where would you look? Scientists at Charles University, in Prague, looked in the poop of a pet chinchilla. "They were isolating a lot of various strains from various environments—including their own pets." Anna Karnkowska, an evolutionary biologist who collaborated on the work, who is now at the University of British Columbia. "Scientists like to isolate things from everywhere possible."
如果你在尋找科學中尚不熟悉的生命，那去哪裡尋找?查理大學的科學家們研究了寵物南美栗鼠的大便。“他們隔絕了環境中的不同的細菌——其中包括自身寵物的細菌。” 來自英屬哥倫比亞大學的Anna Karnkowska也是負責該工作的進化生物學家。“科學家們喜歡盡可能地隔絕一切外界的事物。”
They found a relative of the parasite Giardia, called Monocercomonoides. It’s eukaryotic, meaning it has organelles and a nucleus enveloping its DNA. Just like our cells, or the ones in plants, or fungi. But unlike bacteria, which don’t have those things.
他們發現了一種賈第鞭毛蟲的親戚，Monocercomonoides。這是一種真核細菌，這意味著該細菌的細胞核包圍著其DNA。這就像我們的細胞，或者植物、真菌中的細胞。但是其他的細菌僅是擁有裸露的DNA。
And upon closer examination, the new critter was different from every other eukaryote known to science. Because it’s missing a key organelle—it seems to have no mitochondria.
經過細緻的檢測，這種新的生物與科學界中已知的其他真核細胞不同。因為這種生物似乎沒有關鍵的細胞器——線粒體。
You probably learned in biology class that mitochondria, let’s all say it together, are the powerhouses of the cell. They charge up energy-rich molecules, when oxygen's around. But they do other stuff too: like manufacture certain essential proteins. This newly discovered microbe, and others that live in low-oxygen environments, use different, oxygen-free pathways to make energy.
在生物課上，你可能學過，細胞的能量來源是線粒體。當氧氣充足的時候，線粒體會為分子提供豐富的能量。但是線粒體也有其他的功能，如製造某些必要的蛋白質。這種新發現的微生物，以及依靠氧氣生存的其他的微生物，利用不同的途徑利用游離氧氣來製造能量。

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/90.mp3

👯 中英文稿：
Ah, what a familiar sound - a baby crying! Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I’m Rob …
哇，好熟悉的聲音——嬰兒啼！大家好，歡迎來到本期BBC六分鐘英語，我是Rob。
….and I’m Neil, hello. So Rob, is that the sound of the new royal baby?
我是Neil。對了，Rob，剛剛那個是新生皇室寶寶的聲音嗎？
No – it’s not the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge’s new - born baby – although I’m sure their little one is just as loud!
不是，雖然他哭聲也挺大，但絕對不是劍橋公爵夫婦寶寶的聲音。
Yes – we know all about babies, don’t we Rob, because we are parents.We know all about childbirth – well, almost as much as our wives – and all the advice people give us about caring for our children.
沒錯！作為父母，我們對嬰兒簡直瞭若指掌，是吧？是啊，根本不差于妻子，從孩子出生到後期照顧，我們可是十分瞭解。
Yes we do – hold on, I’ll just calm this baby down (Baby stops crying ) – that’s better. So, I might have excellent parenting skills but how different are they to the ones William and Kate will need? We’ll be discussing that soon and looking at some of the language of having a baby. But first, how about a question, Neil?
就是嘛。等下，我讓這寶寶安靜會（嬰兒停止了哭泣）。恩，這回好多了。我們可能具備良好的育兒技能，但它與威廉凱特夫婦所需的技巧有何區別呢？稍後我們來討論這一話題，並學些有關生孩育兒的表達。但現在，咱們來看看今天的問題吧？

👧美國人常用的口頭禪👧

美國人平時生活上所用的一些口頭禪，其實字句都很簡單，但是如果不加說明，往往還會讓人一知半解或似懂非懂。下面所舉的例子，即是常常聽到的一些美語口頭禪。

1. I couldn't care less. 
這句話的意思是“我不在乎”，“缺乏興趣（lack of interest）”，也就是：I don't care at all. 或 I don't give a hoot. 
例如：人家如果問： What do you think of the budget-cut?（你對預算削減有何看法？）
你回答： I couldn't care less.（我毫不在乎） 
How do you like Mr. Lee's political point of view?（你喜歡李先生的政見嗎？） 
I couldn't care less.（我才不在乎呢！）
但是有時說話者也可能口是心非： 例如： 
I couldn't care less about the promotion or pay raise.（我不在乎升級或加薪）
而實際上他是根本在乎升級和加薪的，那麼人家也許就會回答說： Yes, you do（care）.
至於 I couldn't care more. 就是“我很在乎”（I care a lot.）或 I care deeply. 同理： 
I couldn't agree more. = I totally agree.（我完全同意） 
I couldn't please you more. = I did my best to please you.（我儘量使你高興） 

🌴神奇墨水可瞬間消除永久性紋身🌴
Startup is all set to launch special ink that makes permanent tattoos temporary

🐶Temporary tattoos have been around for a long time, but as any inking enthusiast would agree, they're nothing compared to the real deal. And yet, there are times when tattoos don't end up like you wanted them to, or you just get bored with them after a while. In such cases, getting a tattoo removed involves laser treatments that are both expensive and painful. But not anymore. It might soon be possible to temporarily get a permanent tattoo, thanks to this new type of tattoo ink developed by a group of engineering students.
很早以前就有臨時紋身這個東西了，但是正如墨水紋身愛好者所言，比起真正的紋身，臨時紋身根本不值一提。然而，有時候你的紋身不是你想要的樣子，或者過了一陣子你對它感到厭煩了。在這些情況下，用鐳射去除紋身既昂貴又痛苦。但這即將成為歷史。而且，可以像臨時紋身一樣迅速消除的永久可見紋身或許將很快成為現實，這都得益於幾個工程學專業學生所發明的新型紋身墨水。

🐶The special ink has a huge advantage over regular tattoo ink – it can be removed from your skin through an extraordinarily simple and inexpensive process. You simply visit your tattoo artist and have them trace over the tattoo with a removal solution. Voila! It's all gone. Or, you can just erase the part of it that you don't like and turn it into a whole new artwork. The choice is yours.
這種特殊墨水相較普通紋身墨水有個很大的優點：它可通過極其簡單且成本不高的方法消除你皮膚上的紋身。你只需去找紋身藝術家，讓他們在你的紋身上塗上紋身消除溶液。瞧！你的紋身就會消失得一乾二淨。又或者，你可以選擇消除你不喜歡的紋身部分，然後把紋身改造成一個全新的藝術作品。隨你怎麼選擇。

🐶The product is named 'Ephemeral', after the team of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering students who took part in the recent $200,000 Entrepreneurs Challenge held by NYU Stern's Berkley Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation. The team comprised of five School of Engineering students and a sixth one from Stern won the grand prize of $75,000 for their unique invention.
這種產品名叫Ephemeral，是一組化學與生物分子工程學的學生參加一次創業挑戰賽的參賽作品，該挑戰賽由紐約大學商學院的伯克利創業與創新研究中心主辦，獎金20萬美元。該團隊是由五個工程學院的學生和一個來自商學院的學生組成，他們因為此項獨特的發明而獲得75000美元的大獎。

🐶"Ephemeral was born through a personal experience of mine," said Seung Shin, one of the team members. "Ever since I was young, I was always interested in tattoos but my parents were extremely against it mostly because of its permanence." Shin later went on to get a tattoo anyway, but eventually had it removed as well. "It was the worst experience of my life," he said. "It was extremely painful, ineffective, and costly." The experience got him thinking about simpler methods of tattoo removal, and ultimately brought the idea to fruition during the competition. The trick was to reduce the size of the ink molecules, making it easier to simply wipe away.
團隊成員宋欣（音）表示：“Ephemeral來源於我的一段個人經歷。我從小就一直很喜歡紋身，但我父母因為紋身的永久性而極力反對我紋身。”但儘管如此，宋欣之後還是繼續紋身，不過最終他把紋身消除了。他說：“這是我人生中最糟糕的經歷，因為這種去除紋身的方法太痛苦了，而且不僅無效還很貴。”這段經歷讓他思考是否有更簡單的紋身去除法，最終在創業比賽中他把這個想法變成了現實。而其中的訣竅就是將墨水分子減小，使其變得容易擦除。

🐶"Tattoo inks today are permanent because of the fact that the dye molecules are too big for your body's immune system to take away," explained Anthony Lam, another team member. "By using smaller molecules, we've encapsulated them inside this spherical structure that's big enough that your immune system doesn't take it away. But when you remove it, it essentially eats away one of the components and the dye molecules are flushed out."
另一團隊成員安東尼•拉姆解釋說：“如今的紋身墨水之所以是永久性的，就是因為其染料分子太大，導致人體免疫系統無法將其去除。通過使用更小分子的染料，我們將其封裝在一個足夠大的球狀結構中，大到不會被免疫系統去除。當去除紋身的時候，染料分子會破壞球狀結構，從中流出，進而被洗除。”

The team spent eight months developing the product, competing against 249 other teams from seven other NYU schools. Starting with initial idea pitches, they worked their way through elimination rounds, coaching sessions, and a Q&A before a panel of judges on May 1. After presenting a three-minute pitch and video explaining their concept, Ephemeral was voted the winner in the 'Technology Venture Competition', securing the $75,000 grand prize.
該團隊花了八個月時間研製出這種產品，打敗了其他249組來自紐約大學七個學院的團隊。他們一開始先是展示了自己的初創想法，接著一路過關斬將，晉級淘汰賽、通過培訓環節，並在5月1號的評委問答環節勝出。在三分鐘的初步展示和視頻講解理念後，Ephemeral被選為“技術創業大賽”的優勝者，獲高額獎金75000美元。

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160601sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Beer. It’s hugely popular today, but that’s nothing new: people have been drinking beer for thousands of years, all around the world. And now a brewing site some 5,000 years old has been found in China—the oldest ever found there by a millennium. The remains offer clues not only to ancient tastes, but to ancient agricultural practices as well.
啤酒!現在啤酒大受歡迎，這並不是什麼新鮮事了：數千年來，世界各地的人們一直在喝啤酒。如今，在中國發現了一個5000年前的釀酒地點——這是迄今為止發現的最古老的酒窖了。這古老的酒窖為我們呈現的濃郁的酒香還有古老的農業實踐。
We had information about ancient Chinese beer brewing from inscriptions on what are known as oracle bones—pieces of bone or shell used to try to tell the future. But researchers at a late Neolithic site in northern China have much more successfully revealed the past. They came upon two pits in the excavation that seemed like they were used for brewing. The scientists thought the shape of the pots would lend themselves to the three stages of making beer: first brewing, then filtering, and finally storage.
從古代的甲骨文上——人們在骨頭或者貝殼上刻字用以告訴子孫後代——我們知道了古代中國釀造啤酒的資訊。但是，新石器時代晚期中國北方的研究人員們收穫的成就更大。他們來到兩個用於釀酒的酒窖中。科學家認為鍋的形狀似乎呈現了三個釀酒的步驟：首先，釀造；其次，過濾；最後，存儲。
So they analyzed the yellowish residue on the inside of the pots. They found remnants of starch grains—millet, barley, and another grain called Job’s tears. They also found the remains of tubers such as yams.
然後研究人員分析了鍋裡淡黃色的殘渣。他們發現這些剩下的穀物顆粒——小米、大麥、薏米。研究人員還發現了山藥塊莖的殘留物。
And the grains had damage associated with brewing. Some had pits and channels on the surface, which would come from the sprouting process during malting. Many had swollen and merged with other grains, which would happen during mashing when grains are heated in water. The team found other chemical signatures that point to beer as well.
穀物有釀造酒的品質有關。有些穀粒表面坑窪不平，根源要追究到其萌芽過程。當用熱水加熱，搗碎時，所有的穀物就會膨脹。因此研究人員發現了啤酒的其他化學特徵。