☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/136.mp3

👯

👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Finn.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC6分鐘英語。我是Finn。
And I’m Rob.
我是Rob。
Rob, I’m going to ask a personal question – do you have any bad memories?
Rob，我想問一個私人問題--你有不好的回憶嗎？
Yes. When I was young I was bitten by a dog. And he bit my arm. Not nice.
有啊。當我小的時候被狗咬過。它咬了我的胳膊。不好。

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160603sa_tech.mp3

🎁 中英文稿：
The sound of a cracking knee isn't particularly pleasant. But it gets worse when you listen up close. [knee-cracking recording] "It does for most people. But for me, it just makes me excited." Omer Inan, an electrical engineer at Georgia Tech. "I actually feel like there's some real information in them that can be exploited for the purposes of helping people with rehab."
膝蓋破碎的聲音並不悅耳。但是你靠近聽，聲音會更刺耳。“很多人都會有這種感覺，但是這種聲音只會讓我感到興奮。” Omer Inan 是佐治亞理工學院的一名電氣工程師。“我認為其實這些聲音中包含一些可以幫助患者康復的信息。”
Inan's experience with cracking knees goes back to his days as an undergrad at Stanford, where he threw discus. "If I had a really hard workout, then the next day of course I'd be sore, but I'd also sometimes feel this catching or popping or creaking every now and then in my knee."
Inan的膝蓋破碎的實驗要追溯到他在斯坦福大學的學生時代，在那裡他開始討論這個實驗。“如果訓練十分困難，那麼第二天我的膝蓋就會非常痛，但是有時候我也會感覺到膝蓋咯吱的聲音。
A few years later, he found himself building tiny microphones at a high-end audio company. So when he got to Georgia Tech and heard the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, wanted better tech for knee injuries, he thought: Why not strap tiny microphones to people's knees, to eavesdrop as their legs bend? "What we think it is, is the cartilage and bone rubbing against each other, the surfaces inside the knee rubbing against each other, during the movements."
幾年後，他在一家高端音頻公司製作了微型麥克風。所以，當Inan來到佐治亞理工學院知道美國國防部先進教育局時，他希望能有更先進的技術來治療膝蓋傷。他想，“為什麼不把微型麥克風嵌入人體的膝蓋來記錄膝蓋彎曲的聲音。”我們認為發出的軟骨和肋骨相互摩擦，在膝蓋運動的過程中，兩者內側相互摩擦而出聲。
He and a team of physiologists and engineers built a prototype with stretchy athletic tape and a few tiny mics and skin sensors. And preliminary tests on athletes suggest the squishy sounds the device picks up are more erratic, and more irregular, in an injured knee than in a healthy one. Which Inan says might allow patients and doctors to track healing after surgery. Details appear in the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.
Inan 和一組生物學家以及工程師建立了一個原型，其中包括彈性透氣膠帶、數個小的麥克風還有皮膚傳感器。最初對運動員的測試表明，與健康的膝蓋相比，設備竊聽到的是受傷的膝蓋中柔軟的聲音非常的不穩定，也更無規律可循。該研究結果發表在《IEEE生物醫學工程》雜誌上。
"The primary application we're targeting at first is to give people a decision aid during rehabilitation, following an acute knee injury, to help them understand when they can perform particular activities, and when they can move to different intensities of particular activities." A useful thing to take a crack at.
“我們首次程序目標的目的是，膝蓋受到嚴重創傷之後，首先要讓患者知道，在康復期間自己可以進行何種特殊活動以及何時可以加強活動的強度。” 新的嘗試，非常有用哦。

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1041.mp3

👯
 

👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是愛麗絲。
… And I’m Rob.
我是羅伯。
So Rob, what job did you want to do when you were little?
羅伯，你小時候夢想做什麼工作呢？
I really wanted to be an astronaut. Be in orbit, watching the Earth from afar…
我特別想成為一名宇航員。在離地球很遠的軌道上瞭望地球。

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160605sa_science.mp3

🎁

🎁 中英文稿：
It's one of the underwater world's classic partnerships: clownfish and Nemo hides out in the anemone, which helps keep predatory fish at bay.
這是水下世界中典型的一對小夥伴: 小丑魚和藏在海葵的Nemo，以便抵抗食肉魚。
"But at the same time there are other fish species that will kind of nibble on the sea anemones, and the clownfish will actually go out and scare them away." Jeff Gore, a biophysicist at MIT. "So in this case there's across-protection mutualism between these two species in which they help to avoid predation."
“但同時，其它種類的魚也會啃食海中的海葵，而這時小丑魚就真會躥出來嚇走它們。”Jeff Gore是麻省理工學院的一名生物物理學家。“所以在這種情況下這兩個物種就形成了互利共生的關係。”
Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore studies the same sort of mutualism in microbes. He and his team demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-protective relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the other to chloramphenicol.
這種互相保護的關係經常見於兩種動物之間。但是Gore研究了微生物之間的這種互利關係。他和團隊首次用實驗證明了抗藥性微生物之間的這種互相保護的關係。他們採用了耐抗生素的大腸桿菌菌種：一種菌種抗氨比西林，而另外一個菌種抗氯黴素。
The researchers grew the bacteria together in a test tube, in the presence of both antibiotics. And rather than succumbing to the drugs, each bacterial strain deactivated one of the two antibiotics—thus protecting the other strain. That activity led to a stable coexistence over time. Which Gore says could in theory give the bugs an opportunity to swap resistance genes, through what’s called horizontal gene transfer—one bacterium donates genetic material to another. Any such transfer could make either or both strains individually resistant to both types of antibiotics. The findings are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
研究人員在一個實驗試管中同時培養兩類菌種，並同時添加兩種抗生素。結果表明，這兩類菌種並沒有因為抗生素的作用而死亡，而是每種菌各自抵抗其中一種抗生素——同時便保護了對方。這種行為能使菌種穩定互存。對此Gore發表評論，理論上講，這就使細菌互相交換抗性基因，即水準基因轉移——一種細菌將自己的遺傳物質饋贈給另一類細菌。任何此類水準轉移活動可以使兩種菌種的一種或者二者全部都各自產生出抵抗兩種抗生素的新突變後代類型。該研究已經發表在《國家科學研究進展》雜誌上。

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/138.mp3

👯

👯 中英文稿：
Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Rob.
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是Rob。
And I’m Finn. Hi Rob.
我是Finn。你好Rob。
It’s that time of the year for the famous Tour de France cycle race and today we’re discussing research that says successful cyclists are seen as more handsome than their struggling colleagues.
又到了一年一度的環法自行車賽了，據說成功的自行車賽車手比起他們後面苦苦追趕的競爭對手來說看起來要帥氣的多，今天我們就一起來討論這個話題。
Yes, we’re talking about professional cyclists – people who get paid for taking part in cycle races. Not something you’d find me doing!
沒錯，今天我們來聊聊職業自行車賽車手，他們通過參加比賽來獲得收入。反正我是不會這樣做的！

😵中年經歷職場“動力減退” 😵

在公司待了幾年以後，對工作的熱情沒有前幾年那麼高，有新的想法也不願意去實踐，公司的活動也不怎麼參加。那麼，你可能是正在經歷職場“動力減退”。

🐩The idea of burnout at work has been with us for decades. But recently, executive coaches and business psychologists have started talking about “brownout”, which is a sort of junior sibling. Staff affected by brownout become disengaged, demotivated and lose interest in their jobs.
職業倦怠這個概念已經伴隨我們幾十年了。不過最近，主管培訓師和商務心理學家們開始討論“動力減退”，這似乎是職業倦怠的初級階段。受“動力減退”影響的員工會變得工作不投入，沒有動力，對工作失去興趣。