☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160605sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
It's one of the underwater world's classic partnerships: clownfish and Nemo hides out in the anemone, which helps keep predatory fish at bay.
這是水下世界中典型的一對小夥伴: 小丑魚和藏在海葵的Nemo，以便抵抗食肉魚。
"But at the same time there are other fish species that will kind of nibble on the sea anemones, and the clownfish will actually go out and scare them away." Jeff Gore, a biophysicist at MIT. "So in this case there's across-protection mutualism between these two species in which they help to avoid predation."
“但同時，其它種類的魚也會啃食海中的海葵，而這時小丑魚就真會躥出來嚇走它們。”Jeff Gore是麻省理工學院的一名生物物理學家。“所以在這種情況下這兩個物種就形成了互利共生的關係。”
Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore studies the same sort of mutualism in microbes. He and his team demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-protective relationship in drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the other to chloramphenicol.
這種互相保護的關係經常見於兩種動物之間。但是Gore研究了微生物之間的這種互利關係。他和團隊首次用實驗證明了抗藥性微生物之間的這種互相保護的關係。他們採用了耐抗生素的大腸桿菌菌種：一種菌種抗氨比西林，而另外一個菌種抗氯黴素。
The researchers grew the bacteria together in a test tube, in the presence of both antibiotics. And rather than succumbing to the drugs, each bacterial strain deactivated one of the two antibiotics—thus protecting the other strain. That activity led to a stable coexistence over time. Which Gore says could in theory give the bugs an opportunity to swap resistance genes, through what’s called horizontal gene transfer—one bacterium donates genetic material to another. Any such transfer could make either or both strains individually resistant to both types of antibiotics. The findings are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
研究人員在一個實驗試管中同時培養兩類菌種，並同時添加兩種抗生素。結果表明，這兩類菌種並沒有因為抗生素的作用而死亡，而是每種菌各自抵抗其中一種抗生素——同時便保護了對方。這種行為能使菌種穩定互存。對此Gore發表評論，理論上講，這就使細菌互相交換抗性基因，即水準基因轉移——一種細菌將自己的遺傳物質饋贈給另一類細菌。任何此類水準轉移活動可以使兩種菌種的一種或者二者全部都各自產生出抵抗兩種抗生素的新突變後代類型。該研究已經發表在《國家科學研究進展》雜誌上。
The same story might play out in our guts, too—but it's too early to translate it into medical guidance. "It's always important to remember that just because we see a particular dynamic in the laboratory doesn't mean we should immediately go and change our clinical dosing practices. But then those sorts of results are then used as a guide for the kinds of phenomena that clinicians may want to watch out for in their circumstances." ‘Cause the more we know about this bacterial buddy system, the better we may be at breaking it up if they team up against us.
很重要的一點需要牢記，我們只是在實驗室中看到了這種特別的動態行為，這並不意味著我們就可以立即採用並改變臨床用藥方針。但可是，當臨床醫生想要在他們的工作環境中觀察的時候，這種實驗結果屆時將可以作為對這種現象研究的一種指導方針。 因為我們對這種菌的生活體系瞭解的越多，將來如果它們彼此合作對付我們，我們可能會更好的打擊消滅這些它們。
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