🎁中英文稿：
By human standards, a few vertebrate species have incredible longevity. Some tortoises live for nearly 200 years. Bowhead whales can live even a decade or two longer. But now there's a new champion: the Greenland shark—which conservative estimates have swimming in the seas for almost three centuries.
按照人類的標準，有一些脊椎動物壽命非常的長。有些海龜可以活將近200年。弓頭鯨可以活一二十年。但是人們發現了一個新的長壽王——格陵蘭鯊魚——保守估計，它們已經在海裡生活了將近3個世紀。
Julius Nielsen is a marine biologist and PhD student at the University of Copenhagen. While on a research vessel in Greenland where such sharks were accidentally caught, Nielsen became curious about the creatures.
茱莉葉斯•尼爾森是一名海洋生物學家同時也是哥本哈根大學的博士生。在格陵蘭的一艘科學考察船上，人們無意之間逮捕了格陵蘭鯊魚，尼爾森對這個生物充滿的好奇之心。
“And perhaps the biggest of all the mysteries were how long do these sharks actually live. Because it has been expected that they can get very old, and that's based on some observations of very, very slow growth…so the longevity could be exceptional and extreme, but it has just never been possible to investigate.”
可能最大的謎團是格陵蘭鯊魚的壽命到底有多久。因為基於對格陵蘭鯊魚的觀察，它們生長的非常的緩慢，所以它們的長壽現像也是非常的罕見的，但是調查其長壽的秘訣也並不是不可能的。
That's because Greenland sharks don't have the same body structures used for gauging the age of most fish or even other sharks. So Neilsen and colleagues used a new technique based on the lens of the eye. The centers of the lenses can be analyzed by radiocarbon dating to determine about when the shark was born. They tested 28 female sharks.
因為格陵蘭鯊魚不具備大多數魚類甚至其他鯊魚可以測量年齡的身體結構。所以，尼爾森和同事們採用了一項以眼睛晶狀體為基礎的新技術。人們可以通過放射性碳分析鏡片的中心來決定鯊魚出生的時間。研究人員檢測了28頭雌性鯊魚。
👯中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to The English We Speak. I'm Feifei…
大家好，歡迎收聽地道英語。我是菲菲…
… and hello, I'm Rob. So Feifei, how was your holiday –did you go anywhere special?
…大家好，我是羅布。菲菲，你的假期過得怎麼樣？去什麼特別的地方了嗎？
Yes, I did. I went walking.
對，去了。我去遠足了。
Very healthy. And where did you go?
非常健康呀。你去哪裡了？
🎁中英文稿：
Over the last year, beekeepers in the U.S. lost nearly half their honeybee hives. And there are a lot of suspected culprits for this so-called beepocalypse—from parasitic mites, to viruses, to simple land use changes. But a study out earlier this year pointed to another possibility: poor sperm quality among the drone bees, leading to colony crashes. And now another group of researchers may have found a reason for the subpar sperm: neonicotinoid pesticides. These substances contain chemicals similar to nicotine and affect insect nervous systems.
在過去一年，美國的養蜂人員蜜蜂數量減少了一半。對於這次蜜蜂的大災難，有很多的嫌疑犯哦——如病毒寄生、土地使用的簡單的變化。但是，今年年初發表的一項研究指出了另外一種可能：雄峰的精子品質不良，導致了這場種族災難。現在另外一組研究人員發現了雄峰精子品質不正常的原因：堿類農藥殺蟲劑。這些農藥中含有類似尼古丁的物質，這種物質會影響蜜蜂的神經系統。
"So for the drones that were exposed to pesticides during development, it appears there were more dead sperm in their reproductive tracts." Geoff Williams, an entomologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland and Agroscope, a Swiss federal research facility.
在雄峰成長的過程中，接觸了殺蟲劑，這導致其生殖過程中，會產生更多的死精子。傑夫•威廉姆斯是瑞士伯恩大學的昆蟲學家。Agroscope是瑞士聯邦的一所研究所。
Williams and his colleagues studied the effects of two neonicotinoid pesticides on honeybee drones, genetically assigned to mate with queens. "They've got really big eyes so they can identify these queens flying through the air. They eat and have sex. Or try to have sex at least."
威廉姆斯和同事們研究了兩種煙鹼類農藥對雄峰的影響，確切地來說，是對蜂王交配的雄蜂的影響。“這些雄蜂長著大大的眼睛，在空中飛行，他們可以認出這些蜂王，與之交配。抑或試圖與蜂王進行交配。”
But in 20 honeybee hives Williams and his collaborators found that those drones exposed to standard environmental levels of the pesticides were shorter-lived, thus having fewer opportunities to mate. And even if the drones did survive, they had nearly 40 percent fewer living sperm than did control bees—meaning the pesticides were acting like honeybee contraceptives. The study appears in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
但是，在威廉姆斯和同事們研究的20個蜂巢中，這些雄蜂接觸了正常環境中殺蟲劑，而導致壽命減少，這使其與蜂王交配的機會減少。即使雄蜂未被殺蟲劑殺死，但其精子的數量與實驗室的蜜蜂相比減少了40%，這就相當於農藥充當了蜜蜂的避孕藥。該研究結果發表在《皇家協會B》雜誌上。
👯中英文稿：
Hello welcome to The English We Speak from BBC Learning English. I’m Rob.
大家好，歡迎來到BBC地道英語。我是Rob。
Oh hello…I’m Feifei.
大家好，我是菲菲。
Err Feifei, what are you doing?
菲菲，你在做什麼？
Cleaning… this place is so dirty… in fact Rob, have you got any soap I could borrow?
打掃衛生，這裡太髒了。 Rob，你有肥皂可以借我用下嗎？
🎁中英文稿：
Are you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside: because in the US you're far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer bounding across the road.
你害怕鯊魚嗎?那麼蛇和蜘蛛呢?先把這些恐懼放到一邊：因為在美國，你受傷或者喪命的原因可能是由於馬路上亂跑的鹿。
Bambi and his kind cause more 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29,000 injuries, all because of 1.2 million collisions between vehicles and deer. Most incidents occur in the eastern US, where deer thrive without natural predators like wolves and mountain lions.
鹿每年都會導致200多人喪命，此外，還有約2.9萬人受傷，事件的原由就是車輛和鹿發生了多次碰撞。大多數事故都發生在美國東部，由於沒有狼、美洲獅等自然捕食者，這裡的鹿的數量猛增。
"That's the region in the US where deer-vehicle collisions are such a problem, and where it seems like an effective large carnivore restoration could make a really big difference."
在美國該地區，鹿和車輛發生的碰撞事件是個難題，似乎大型肉食動物的存在可以導致巨大的差別。
University of Washington wildlife biologist Laura Prugh. She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they've been driven out.
華盛頓大學的野生動物學家勞拉•魯。她認為將之前被驅逐的美洲獅引入會有幫助。
👯中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to The English We Speak. I'm Callum.
大家好，歡迎收聽地道英語。我是卡勒姆。
And I'm Feifei.
我是菲菲。
Feifei, what kind of workers are we –would you describe us as blue-collar workers or white-collar workers?
菲菲，我們是哪種工作者呢？你會用藍領還是白領來描述我們呢？
Well, looking at our clothes, you are a T-shirt-no-collar worker and I'm a yellow-with-polka-dot-collar worker. How about that?
嗯，看我們的衣服，你是T恤無領工作者，我是黃色帶圓點領子的工作者。你認為這個回答怎麼樣？
Come on, Feifei, you know that this has nothing to do with fashion! It's about colours and what they represent when we're talking about the world of work.
