☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160721sa_tech.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
A recent headline on the Web site theverge.com got a lot of attention on social media. Because each new phrase seemed to take the message in an unexpected direction. The headline read: U.S. government plans to use drones to fire vaccine-laced M&Ms near endangered ferrets.
最近theverge.com網站上的一個標題引起很多社交媒體的關注。因為每一個新的短語似乎將所含的資訊引往一個意想不到的方向。標題寫著:美國政府計畫利用無人機發射帶有疫苗的M&Ms糖果保護瀕危雪貂。
Some background. Black-footed ferrets have been on the endangered species list since 1967. Only about 300 were known to be alive in the wild at the end of 2015. They tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Because they love to eat prairie dogs, which tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Unfortunately, prairie dogs often harbor fleas, and fleas can carry the plague. Yup, that plague, the so-called Black Death that killed millions in Europe in the 14th century.
一些背景知識。自1967年起，黑足雪貂被列為瀕危物種。到2015年年底，現存的野生黑腳貂只有大約300只。它們喜歡生活在大平原和美國西部。因為他們愛吃草原犬鼠，草原犬鼠往往喜歡生活在大平原和美國西部。不幸的是，草原犬鼠通常會滋生跳蚤，並且跳蚤可以傳播鼠疫。是的，所謂的黑死病，14世紀在歐洲它導致數百萬人死亡。
So ferrets suffer when fleas cause a plague outbreak in prairie dogs, either because the ferrets also catch the disease or because the prairie dogs die and the ferrets go hungry. Officials have tried vaccinating individual ferrets and they’ve tried treating prairie-dog burrows with flea-killer. But neither method is particularly efficient.
當跳蚤導致草原犬鼠鼠疫爆發，雪貂受到牽連。要麼因為雪貂也染上疾病，要麼由於草原犬鼠死亡，雪貂遭受饑餓。官員們試圖給雪貂接種疫苗，他們試圖往草原犬鼠的洞穴裡噴灑跳蚤專用殺蚤劑。但哪一種方法都不是特別有效。
And so the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study for September in the UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge in Montana. The viral headline was incorrect about the M&Ms, but otherwise, yes, aerial drones will shoot vaccine-laced pellets designed to be irresistible to prairie dogs. The drone delivery system should quickly spread the vaccine-carrying goodies over a wide area so that lots of prairie dogs gobble them up—thus making the prairie dogs available to be gobbled up, safely, by the endangered ferrets.
因此美國魚類和野生動物管理局正在在蒙大拿州國家野生動物保護區準備九月的一項研究。有關M&Ms的病毒標題是錯誤的。但除此之外，是的，無人機將發射帶有疫苗的糖果，被設計用來對付不可抗拒的草原犬鼠。無人機輸送系統應在廣泛區域迅速播撒帶有疫苗的糖果。這樣很多草原犬鼠就可以將它們吞食掉——從而瀕危雪貂可以安全地吞食草原犬鼠。

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/120.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Welcome to 6 Minute English with me Rob.
歡迎來到六分鐘英語，我是Rob。
And me, Finn.
還有我Finn。
Finn, I’d like to start by asking you: How many job interviews have you had?
Finn，我想問你個問題作為今天的開場：你一共經歷過多少次面試?
That’s difficult. Maybe ten interviews in my life.
這太難回答了，一共大概十次吧。

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2016/20160720sa_earth.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
If you've gone shopping for a car lately, you might have noticed that fuel economy—the number of miles per gallon—is creeping up. One reason is a more efficient type of fuel injection, called gas direct injection. It’s a feature of half the new cars sold in the U.S. last year.
如果你最近買了一輛車，你可能已經注意到——燃油經濟，每加侖行駛的總英里數正在蠕升。原因之一在於燃油噴射的效率更高，稱為缸內噴氣。這是去年所出售的一半新車所具有的一大特徵。
"With that kind of engine design you can also introduce turbocharging—that's really what it comes down to: more engine power with a smaller engine." Naomi Zimmerman, an air-quality scientist at Carnegie Mellon University—who has never owned a car. "Probably because I did a whole PhD on engine emissions."
Here's how the two injection methods differ. In the old standard, called "port fuel injection," gas is injected into the air intake, where it mixes with air before hitting the cylinder. In direct injection though, as the name implies, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. It's more fuel efficient, meaning lower CO2 emissions, which will help slow climate change. But paradoxically, it also emits more particulate matter, including black carbon, or soot—a pollutant implicated in global warming.
這種類型的引擎設計，也可以引進渦輪增壓——這才是真正的原因——更小馬力的引擎，更多的發動機功率。拿俄米齊默爾曼，卡內基梅隆大學一名空氣品質科學家——從未擁有一輛車。“可能是因為我博士研究生階段做了關於發動機排放的整體研究。這是這兩種噴射形式的不同之處。按照舊標準，稱之為“氣門式燃料噴射”，將氣體注入進氣口，在衝擊汽缸之前與空氣混合。然而，直接式燃料噴射，顧名思義，燃料直接注入汽缸，這樣更省油，意味著較低的二氧化碳排放，這將有助於減緩氣候變化。但是，與此相矛盾的是，也能噴射出更多的顆粒物。包括黑碳或煤灰——與全球變暖有直接關係的污染物。
Zimmerman and her colleagues analyzed studies of direct injection engines to see how this pollution tradeoff works out for the climate. "The answer is that it's really complicated and it's not certain." But on average, she says, boosting fuel economy five to nine percent would probably cancel out the warming effects of black soot, and score a net positive for the climate. The findings are in the journal Environmental Science and Technology. [Naomi Zimmerman et al., Assessing the Climate Trade-Offs of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines]
齊默爾曼與她的研究團隊對直噴式發動機的研究進行分析以查明這一污染權衡怎樣使氣候受益。“答案是，這真的很複雜，目前還不能確定。”但平均而言，她表示，將燃油經濟性由5%提高到9%，可能會消除黑炭的暖化效應，整體而言對氣候有益。該項研究結果發表在《環境科學與技術》雜誌上。
The fuel economy goal might be different in places with big temperature swings, and where gasoline has more aromatic compounds—which seem to boost black carbon emissions. One place that fits the bill: Canada. “There we might need to be closer to the 10 percent, 15 percent mark in terms of improving fuel economy. Which is actually a very aggressive increase in fuel economy."

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/121.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
This is 6 Minute English from the BBC. I’m Rob…
這裡是BBC6分鐘英語。我是Rob...
And I’m Neil.
我是Neil。
Today we’re talking about something we must all have an opinion on – it’s cinema etiquette. In other words, what is the right way to behave when you go to see a film at the cinema?
今天我們談論的話題大家肯定有自己的想法--就是電影院裡的禮節問題。換句話說，當你在電影院看電影的時候你認為那種表現方式是對的呢？
Yes, the cinema, the movies or the multiplex. How we behave there is different from how we behave when we’re watching a film at home – but some people seem to forget that, don’t they Rob?
是的，電影院、電影還是多映廳？表現要不同於我們在家裡看電影--但有些人貌似忘記這個了，對吧，Rob？

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160719sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. "So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers." Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.
走過紐約時報廣場——廣告不斷地煩擾著你的生活。並且事實證明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飛過花的海洋時，可能會有類似的感覺。“因此，這些花朵就像那些廣告牌一樣，它們在為這些美味的花蜜打廣告，蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消費者。雷諾內華達大學授粉生物學家，安妮•倫納德說道。
She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit? "Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar." They also scope out flower shape and size, color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.
她把花的海洋描述為一個授粉市場，蜜蜂選擇去哪裡採集花蜜的方法是什麼？“蜜蜂是花蜜的專家。它們很擅長對花蜜進行評估，即使是花蜜糖的濃度存在微小的區別。”它們還能確定花的形狀、大小、顏色和氣味。現在倫納德和她的研究團隊發現熊蜂也是花粉愛好者。
They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, "We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab." And for the anther— the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. "So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments."
他們通過給不同批次分別含有甜蔗糖、苦奎寧的櫻桃花粉系上標籤，並向蜜蜂展示來進行研究。“我們真的深入到這項研究中——我們開始在實驗室3-D打印這些花朵。對於呈現出花粉的花藥——花的雄性部分，我們使用清管器。因此我們買下了邁克爾工藝品店的清管器並在我們的實驗中使用它們。
Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that , in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters. [Felicity Muth, Jacob S. Francis and Anne S. Leonard, Bees use the taste of pollen to determine which flowers to visit]
實驗證明，蜜蜂會在相同顏色含有甜蔗糖花粉的花朵間重複往返，並且花費更多的時間來採集。但當遇到含有苦奎寧的花粉時呢？它們在下一次停留時將會尋找一種與之不同顏色的花朵。所有這一切表明，除了品味花蜜，蜜蜂也會品嚐花粉的味道——並且通過花粉來判斷花朵。該研究結果刊登在《生物學快報》（Biology Letters）雜誌上。

👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1049.mp3

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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是愛麗絲。
… And I’m Neil. Can you pass me my drink, Alice?
我是尼爾。愛麗絲，你能幫我遞一下飲料嗎？
Cola, Neil? That’s very unhealthy.
可樂？這太不健康了。
You told me to stop drinking coffee because it’s unhealthy – now you’re telling me cola is bad too.
你之前不讓我喝咖啡，說不健康，現在你又告訴我可樂也不好。