☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

👩職場新人和職場老人的臨界點是什麼👩

👸Novices focus on positive feedback (“good job!”) because hearing they’re doing well helps them stay committed. Experts focus on negative feedback (“You’re doing that incorrectly”) because they’re interested in progress. As people go from novice to expert their focus shifts. 
職場新人關注於積極的回饋（“你做得真棒！”），因為當他們聽說自己做得不錯時能令他們感覺得到了認可。而職場老人則關注于消極的回饋（“你那樣做是不正確的”），因為他們對進步更感興趣。當一個人從新手成長為老手的時候，他的關注點會發生改變。

👸A large proportion of marketing communication concerns feedback to consumers. This article explores what feedback people seek and respond to. We predict and find a shift from positive to negative feedback as people gain expertise. We document this shift in a variety of domains including feedback on language acquisition, pursuit of environmental causes, and use of consumer products. Across these domains, novices sought and responded to positive feedback, and experts sought and responded to negative feedback. We examine a motivational account for the shift in feedback: positive feedback increased novices’ commitment and negative feedback increased experts’ sense that they were making insufficient progress. 
大量的行銷溝通都關注于消費者的回饋。本文將研究人們需要什麼樣的回饋，並對回饋做出什麼樣的反應。我們預測並發現了一種明顯的轉變，當人們獲得更多專業知識，他們就從希望得到積極回饋變為了希望得到消極回饋。我們在不同領域包括語言習得、環境因素、消費品使用等的研究都證明了這一點。在這些領域，新手尋求並對積極的回饋作出回應，而老手則更多地尋求並回應於消極的回饋。我們測驗了這些回饋的激勵效果：積極的回饋增加了新手的情感認同而消極的回饋則增加了老手對於自己進步程度不夠的認識。

文章來源: http://goo.gl/tl4KVE

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😱 托福考了N次還拿不到滿意分數究竟什麼原因？ 😱

第一次考托福，自我感覺不錯，草草刷分，成績卻不盡人意。或許因為對自己的評估出現了問題，也或許著急出成績。
第二次考托福，吸取經驗，規避錯誤，卻還是離目標分數差很遠。或許因為備考時間不夠，也或許因為複習方法出了差錯。
第三次考托福，第四次考托福，第五次考托福，成績還是低於70?why?問題出在哪裡了?

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2014/20140609sa.mp3

🎁

🎁 中英文稿：
For insects in Europe, climate change has led to habitat change. In the past couple of decades, for example, Mediterranean butterfly and dragonfly species have been found flying around places previously off limits to them—new northern climes such as Germany.
對於歐洲的昆蟲來說，氣候變化導致他們生活環境的變化。例如在過去的幾十年裡，地中海的蝴蝶和蜻蜓等物種已經突破先前的限制，被發現在新的像德國這樣具有北方氣候的地區飛來飛去。
Now a study in Nature Communications finds a colorful reason for the northern expansion. As northern Europe warms, the light-colored butterflies and dragonflies typically found in the Mediterranean find themselves able to survive in the newly warmer north, and to even outcompete their darker- colored rivals. [Dirk Zeuss et al, Global warming favours light-coloured insects in Europe]
《自然通訊》雜誌上的一項研究表明，這些物種向北方發展是由於顏色的原因。隨著北歐氣候變暖，淺色的典型地中海氣候昆蟲蝴蝶和蜻蜓，發現他們自己比那些深顏色的同類更能在溫暖的北部生存。
Lighter colors reflect sunlight while dark colors absorb it and heat up. Hence chocolate ice cream melts in the sun faster than vanilla. Lighter-colored insects thus function well in warmer climates. They don't overheat as easily and can stay active longer, giving them a leg up—well, six legs up—in our warming world.
淺顏色可以反射太陽的光，而深顏色吸收陽光並使自己變熱。因此在太陽下，巧克力冰淇淋比香草冰淇淋更容易快速融化。這些淺顏色的昆蟲不容易變熱，這樣就可以活動的時間就長，這就使他們在溫暖的世界裡比深顏色的昆蟲更佔上風。
The researchers say this migration of insects shows that climate change isn't something that's coming—it's already happening. And it could drastically affect which insects up end up where. Which will in turn affect us.
—Erika Beras
研究人員稱，昆蟲的遷移說明了氣候變化不是將要來臨，而是已經來了，這會大大影響昆蟲的生存環境，甚至是他們的生死存亡。然後就會輪到我們了。

🎥 好萊塢片場的演員導演們都在忙些啥？ 🎥
What Do People in Hollywood Actually Do?
　　
美國一家網站近日發表題為《好萊塢的人們到底都在做什麼？》的文章，採訪了製片人珍·塞姆勒，盤點了好萊塢片場工種，向大家講述了他們到底是怎樣各司其職的。
　　
☢ Actor (male or female): If you are lucky, the only people who show up on screen when your film is finished.
演員：電影拍完後，只有演員能夠在銀幕上露臉，夠幸運的話。
☢ Art Director: The right, or left, hand of the production designer. The Designer decides what the world is, and the Art Director works with the entire art department to make sure that vision happens. Most of the time they also have to do all that work and keep the entire department on time and budget.
藝術指導：美術總監的左膀右臂。美術總監負責構建場景，而藝術指導與整個藝術製作部門合作負責落實。大多數情況下，他們也要參與所有這些工作，確保按時完成，並控制預算。
☢ Associate Producer: To quote David Mamet from State and Main,"[The credit is] what you give your secretary instead of a raise."
助理製片人：引用影片《欲望小鎮》導演大衛·馬梅特的話來說，“助理的名字會被寫在鳴謝名單上，而不用給他加工資”。
☢ Assistant: There isn't enough space on the internet to list all the things an assistant does, but here goes a try: 1. Make coffee 2. Answer phones 3. Purchase gifts 4. Book travel 5. Do script notes 6. Get their boss home safe and alive every night 7. Etc. 8. Etc. 9. Etc.
助理：網站上沒有足夠空間列出助理所有工作事項，但包括：煮咖啡、接電話、買禮物、預訂行程、做劇本記錄、每晚將老大安全送回家，等等。
☢ Assistant Director (AD): If the director steers the ship, the AD makes sure he has the tools to do it. The AD sets the schedule and tries their VERY best to keep everyone on it.

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/22.mp3

👯  

👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Rob.
大家好，歡迎收聽BBC6分鐘英語學習欄目。我是羅伯。
And I’m Amy.
我是艾米。
Hi Amy. Today we’re off to the theatre, to London’s Theatreland to be more precise.
艾米你好。今天我們會談談劇院，更確切的說是倫敦戲劇街。
Great! Theatreland. That’s the area of London where many of the big theatres are located, also known as the West End.
太好啦！倫敦戲劇街。倫敦有一片地區是許多重大劇院的所在地，也被稱為西區。
Yes and these theatres put on many popular operas, ballets, plays and plays where the story is told in songs and music, we call them musicals. So Amy, do you have any favourite musicals?

科比告別賽票價刷新歷史 沒有800美元別想看  🏀 🏀 🏀
Want to see Kobe Bryant's last game? You'll need to pay at least $800
　　
Kobe's retirement is good for business.
✾ 科比的退役帶來了巨大商機。
The five-time NBA champion is set to play his last game on Wednesday, and tickets are reaching exorbitant levels.
✾ 本週三，這位曾五次獲美國職業籃球聯賽（NBA）冠軍的球員將獻上自己的告別賽，票價也是一路飆升。
The average price for a ticket to the Lakers game in Los Angeles is listed at over $2,100 and selling for about $1,400. To even get in the arena costs more than $800.
✾ 洛杉磯湖人隊的門票標價平均都超過2100美元，實際售價約為1400美元。就算只是進到體育館裡都要花費800美元以上。
The most expensive ticket is listed for $29,200. At least it's courtside. Tickets for Wednesday's game have gone up more than six times in price.
✾ 標價最貴的票為29200美元，位置是在球場邊。週三這場比賽的票價漲幅已經超過6倍。
　　
TiqIQ, which started tracking ticket resales in 2010, said these are record levels for a regular season NBA game.
✾ TiqIQ從2010年就開始追蹤門票轉售情況，該機構透露，在NBA常規賽中，這樣的票價可謂創造了歷史。
Ticket prices for Wednesday's game are up 89% from last year's final Lakers home game, according to StubHub.
✾ 二手票券交易平臺StubHub顯示，週三這場比賽的票價比去年湖人隊最後一場主場比賽的價格要高出89%。
Bryant has spent 20 seasons in the NBA and has played for the Lakers since signing with them at 17.
✾ 布萊恩特自17歲就與湖人隊簽約，已為該隊效力20個賽季。
During the last two seasons, Bryant has been hobbled by injuries and the Lakers have finished in last place. But, after he announced his retirement in November, ticket prices immediately began to shoot up, according to SeatGeek.
✾ 在前兩個賽季中，布萊恩特受傷病困擾，行動不便，湖人隊也排名末尾。然而，據票務搜索平臺SeatGeek顯示，自從他於去年11月宣佈退役以後，票價開始暴增。
　　
Fans who bought away-game tickets after Bryant's announcement spent about 26% more than those who bought their tickets before. Tickets to home games increased by 33%.
✾ 退役消息出來後，球迷買到的客場球票比之前要高26%，主場球票要高33%。
The Lakers have become the second most expensive team to watch since Bryant announced his retirement. This is in spite of the fact that they've won only 16 games this season -- they've lost 65.
✾ 布萊恩特宣佈退役後，湖人隊比賽的門票成了第二貴的，儘管這賽季他們只贏了16場，輸了65場。
Bryant's upcoming exit from the NBA has also led to a 500% increase in sales of his merchandise on  Fanatics.com.

Over the past 30 days, Bryant gear has been so popular that he's currently the second best-selling player in the NBA -- only gear of Warriors' star Steph Curry is more popular.
✾ 布萊恩特即將離開NBA的消息傳出後，Fanatics網站上他的相關商品也多賣了500%。過去一個月以來，布萊恩特的裝備非常受歡迎，現在他的產品熱銷度僅次於勇士隊斯蒂芬·庫裡，排名第二。
　　
How much money Kobe Bryant made playing basketball
✾ 科比·布萊恩特打球掙了多少錢
The Los Angeles Lakers star has earned $323 million in salary from the Lakers over the course of his career, according to sports salary tracker Spotrac. And he's collected more than $280 million from sponsorship deals, according to Celebrity Net  Worth.com

, making him one of the best-paid athletes in the world.
✾ 根據運動員薪水追蹤機構Spotrac的資料，這位元洛杉磯湖人隊球星在他的職業生涯中，從湖人隊領到的薪水達3.23億美元。根據名人資產網站資料顯示，他從贊助商處也賺取了超過2.8億美元，這讓他成為了全世界賺錢最多的運動員之一。
Bryant's jersey is a best seller in China, and his company, Kobe Inc., recently signed an agreement with Alibaba (BABA, Tech30), China's biggest online marketplace, to create and sell a series of Kobe branded products.
✾ 在中國，布萊恩特的球衣也是最暢銷的，最近，科比股份有限公司與中國最大的線上購物平臺阿裡巴巴簽訂了協議，來打造並銷售一系列科比品牌的產品。
Bryant is likely to stay busy in retirement, doing everything from broadcasting and coaching or team management said Bob Dorfman, editor of the Sports Marketers Scouting Report.
✾ 《體育行銷者偵查》編輯鮑伯·多夫曼表示，布萊恩特退休後也會很忙，可能會做廣播，教練，或者是做球隊管理工作。
　　
【Vocabulary】
exorbitant: （要價等）過高的
away-game: 客場比賽
jersey: 運動衫，球衣
文章來源： http://goo.gl/hH5M6U

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