☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

👔 辦公室“隔間禮儀”要注意～👔
　　
❡ 如今大部分公司的辦公室都採用隔間的形式，大家都在一個屋子裡，但是彼此之間用擋板隔開，這樣既能保證溝通便利，也能有相對的私人空間。
在這樣的隔間辦公室工作，有一些需要注意的事項，比如，說話不要太大聲，因為可能會影響到旁邊的同事。類似的注意事項總結起來就是我們今天要說的“隔間禮儀”。
　　
❡ Cubicle etiquette (or “cubiquette”) is a set of unwritten rules that exist in the workplace. Cubicle etiquette guidelines should be adhered to by both workers in the cubicle and people in adjoining work spaces. One of the main factors in cubicle etiquette is privacy.
“隔間禮儀”（cubicle etiquette 或cubiquette）是辦公室裡默認的一些規矩。這些規矩需要隔間裡的工作人員和臨近工作場所的人員共同遵守。“隔間禮儀”中主要的一條就是隱私。
❡ Although employees are usually part of a larger workplace, they sometimes regard their cubicle as their own office. For all intents and purposes, the cubicle should be viewed as an individual’s office. When entering, do not just barge in and begin talking; the employee may be concentrating on something important. Stand at the entrance to the cubicle and make your presence known until the worker is able to talk.
雖說在偌大的辦公室裡，員工只是其中很小的一個部分，但他們大都會把隔間當作自己的辦公室。無論出於何種目的，員工的隔間都應當被視作一個私人辦公室。要進入別人的隔間時，不要直接闖進去就開始說話，隔間內的員工可能正忙於重要事務。正確的做法應該是：站在隔間入口處，讓人家知道你的存在，然後等人家有空的時候才開口。
　　
➢ Privacy should also take noise levels into account. The rules of cubicle etiquette exist in order to make the workplace a harmonious place. While talking on the phone, keep conversation volume to a normal level. No one likes to hear constant chattering or high pitched laughing.
講話的音量也應該算在隱私的範疇內。“隔間禮儀”的存在就是為了讓辦公室變成一個和諧的辦公場所。打電話的時候，請把說話音量保持在一個正常的水準。沒有人願意時不時聽到有人大聲閒聊或者放聲大笑。
　　
➢ Confidentiality should also be taken into account as part of cubicle etiquette. Thin cubicle walls will not prevent people from hearing client discussions. This should be remembered when talking on the phone or discussing confidential client information in person.
“隔間禮儀”還包括保密意識。那層薄薄的隔斷牆是不能阻止人們聽到你與客戶對話內容的。打電話或者與人談論機密性質的客戶資訊時要格外記住這一點。
　　
➢ Keeping a cubicle clean and tidy is another facet of cubicle etiquette. A disorganized cubicle can reflect poorly on the employee’s level of professionalism.
“隔間禮儀”另一條：保持隔間乾淨整齊。雜亂無章的隔間會讓員工的專業程度大打折扣。

►積重難返 里約奧運或面臨巨大失敗◄
Rio's leader warns that the Olympics could be a 'failure'
　　
◈ With just a few weeks left until the start of the 2016 Olympics, Brazil is still suffering from serious economic problems.
2016年奧運會還有數週就要開幕，但巴西依然被嚴重的經濟問題困擾著。
◈ The acting governor of Rio de Janeiro warned that the games could be a “failure” if his state doesn’t get its finances in order.
里約熱內盧州代理州長法蘭西斯科•多內萊斯警告說，如果裡約的財政狀況不能重回正軌，奧運會恐怕將面臨“失敗”。
　　
◈ “I am optimistic about the games, but I have to show the reality. We can make a great Olympics, but if some steps are not taken, it can be a big failure,” Fransisco Dornelles told O Globo, according to CNN.
據CNN報導，法蘭西斯科•多內萊斯告訴巴西《環球報》：“我對里約奧運會持樂觀態度，但我必須說明真實狀況。我們可以辦一屆盛大的奧運會，但如果不採取一些措施，它或許會是一次巨大的失敗。”
◈ Brazil hasn’t followed through on a promise to provide Rio with extra funding for security and transportation, according to Dornelles. Police officers in the city aren’t being fully paid and may not even have enough money for gas.
據多內萊斯所言，巴西並沒有落實此前的承諾，為里約提供用於安保和交通的額外資金。裡約員警的工資尚未完全付清，他們甚至都沒有足夠的錢為警車加油。
　　
◈ There was a nasty surprise awaiting passengers in the arrivals hall at Rio De Janeiro's Galeao International Airport on Monday.
週一，里約熱內盧的加利昂國際機場到達大廳裡，還有一份糟心的意外恭候著旅客們。
◈ Along with the relatives carrying flowers and taxi drivers waiting with name boards there were lines of off-duty police with banners that had a far more ominous message: "Welcome to Hell". 與捧著鮮花的旅客親屬和舉著名牌等人的計程車司機站在一起的，是一排排休班員警。他們舉著橫幅，上面寫著一句相當不吉利的標語：“歡迎來到地獄。”
◈ "Police and firefighters don't get paid," the banners, in English and Portuguese, went on. "Whoever comes to Rio de Janeiro will not be safe". Photos of the protest have been widely shared on social media and in the Brazilian press. The image above was posted on the photo sharing site Imgur, where it was viewed more than three million times in less than a day.
其他橫幅上還用英葡雙語寫著：“員警和消防員都沒拿到工資，來到里約熱內盧的任何人都不會安全。”抗議活動的照片在社交網站和巴西媒體中廣泛傳播。上面這張圖片發佈在圖片分享網站Imgur上，不到一天，流覽量就超過了300萬次。
　　
The missing funds are just the tip of Brazil’s iceberg of turmoil.
資金短缺只是巴西混亂局勢的冰山一角。
☛ Crime 犯罪
A functioning police force and transportation system are necessary, given the rising crime in Rio. Murder and robbery are up 15 percent and 30 percent, respectively, since last year, NPR reports. The city is trying to get new buses off the ground to help tourists avoid the favelas — areas vulnerable to violence, theft and gang activity.
鑒於里約犯罪率的上升，員警和交通系統的有效運行必不可缺。據NPR報導，自去年起，兇殺和搶劫的發生率分別上升了15%和30%。里約正在設法運營新公車，幫助遊客避開貧民窟。那裡最易發生暴力、盜竊行為和幫派活動。
“How are people going to feel protected in a city without security?” Dornelles said.
多內萊斯說：“在一個沒有安保的城市，人們怎麼會感到安全呢？”
　　
☛ Political Unrest 政局動盪
After months of protest from angry Brazilians, the Senate last month voted to impeach President Dilma Rousseff over allegations that she lied about the country’s economic issues.
憤怒的巴西人抗議了數月之後，參議院上月投票通過了對總統迪爾瑪•羅塞夫的彈劾案。羅塞夫被控在國家經濟問題上撒謊。
Rousseff and several members of her cabinet are also accused of making billions off of the state-run oil company Petrobras.
羅塞夫及其內閣的幾位成員還被控從國營的巴西石油公司攫取數十億美元。
　　
☛ Wealth Gap 貧富差距
Economic inequality has long been an issue in Brazil. Recent figures indicate that the unemployment rate topped 11 percent last month. Wages are also down. Meanwhile, those involved in the Petrobras scandal are said to have made over $5 billion from bribes, kickbacks and money-laundering.
巴西的經濟不平等問題由來已久。近期資料顯示，上月的失業率高達11%，工資水準也下降了。同時，那些捲入巴西石油公司醜聞的人據說以收受賄賂、回扣和洗錢的方式獲取了超50億美金。
　　
☛ The Worst Recession In Decades 數十年來最嚴重的經濟衰退
Brazil is facing one of the worst recessions the country has ever faced. The economy shrank 5.4 percent in the first three months of the year, the government said. Additionally, as FT points out, export prices have shrunk, household debt has increased, and inflation has risen even more than expected.
巴西正面臨史上最嚴重的一次經濟衰退。政府表示，今年前三個月的經濟收縮達5.4%。此外，《金融時報》指出，巴西出口價格縮水，家庭債務增加，通貨膨脹甚至比預期還要高。
　　
☛ Zika Fears 寨卡病毒引發恐懼
The recent outbreak of the Zika virus has lead to athletes, journalists and other travelers vowing to skip the August games.
近期爆發的寨卡病毒已經導致多名運動員、記者和遊客宣佈放棄參加八月的奧運會。
Although the symptoms of Zika aren’t serious, the virus can lead to severe birth defects if contracted by a pregnant woman.
儘管寨卡病毒的症狀並不嚴重，但孕婦一旦感染病毒，會導致嚴重的新生兒先天缺陷。
“Female athletes should not be forced to make a decision that could sacrifice the health of a child,” soccer star Hope Solo said.
足球名將霍普•索洛說：“女性運動員不該被迫決定參加奧運會。這可能會犧牲一個孩子的健康。”
There are currently no effective treatments or vaccinations.
當前，尚無寨卡病毒的有效治療方法和疫苗。
文章來源：http://goo.gl/IbncNm
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◈如何描述“下大雨”被淋成“落湯雞”？
　　
又到雨季，出門別忘記帶傘，小心遇到“大雨”秒變“落湯雞”。一起看學習一下下面這些花樣表達吧。
　　
☂ The hiking is cancelled since it's raining cats and dogs.
徒步旅行被取消了，因為下著傾盆大雨。
☂ Because of the heavy rain, he was late for school.
由於下大雨，他上學遲到了。
☂ It was raining heavily yesterday when school was over. I was all wet when I got home.
昨天放學的時候在下大雨。我到家時全身都濕了。
☂ I'm saying that it's pouring outside.
我是說外面在下大雨。
☂ If it rains hard we have to put off the match.
如果下大雨，比賽只有延期。
☂ Heavy thundery rain fell throughout Thursday.
星期四下了一整天的雷暴雨。
☂ The climbers were trapped by a fierce storm which went on for days.
登山者被一連幾天的強風暴雨給困住了。
☂ Weather forecast said there would be a heavy downpour tomorrow.

 
MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160627sa_health.mp3

中英文稿：
Chances are, you've had the opportunity to study firsthand the swollen, itchy welt left by a mosquito bite. And now—scientists have too.
很有可能，你會有機會研究有關腫脹的第一手資料——被蚊蟲叮咬後留下的癢痕。現在，科學家們不得不對其進行研究。
"Well, we haven't studied itching yet in our laboratory studies." Clive McKimmie, an immunologist at the University of Leeds, in England. "What we've shown is the inflammation associated with bites is not good for you as a host, and it gives a virus an advantage."
“我們還從未在實驗室研究過癢痕！”英國里茲大學的免疫學家Clive McKimmie說道。“我們已經證明，作為宿主，叮咬誘發的相關炎症有害於你的身體健康。”它為病毒創造了優勢。
To understand why, let’s back up. To mosquito spit. "Now I know it's a little disgusting to think about, but when a mosquito bites you, they're spitting out quite a bit of saliva into your skin." That saliva can contain viruses, like zika or chikungunya. And viruses—and the tissue damage from the bite—are a rallying cry for the immune system.
為瞭解其中原因，讓我們回到這兒，蚊子的唾液。我知道現在思考這些有點兒噁心。當蚊子叮咬你時，它們會吐出相當多的唾液到你的皮膚。唾液中可含有病毒，如zike病毒或基孔肯亞病。並且病毒——以及叮咬所導致的組織損傷——對免疫系統而言是一個戰鬥口號。
McKimmie and his colleagues studied that immune response in mice. And they found that when immune cells show up at the bite the viruses infect them, and turn those immune cells into factories for further virus replication.
McKimmie和他的同事研究了小鼠的免疫反應。並且他們發現，當被蚊蟲叮咬時，免疫細胞就會出現，這時病毒就會感染這些免疫細胞，並把這些免疫細胞納入自己的“工廠”， 進一步複製病毒。
"Your own immune system, which is meant to help your body defend itself against infection, seems to be inadvertently promoting an aspect of a virus infection."
“你自身的免疫系統，其目的在於説明保護你的身體免受感染，但似乎在不經意間促進了病毒感染的一個方面。”
Overall, the inflammation resulted in 10 times more virus in the mice, compared to being inoculated with the virus without a bite. The study is in the journal Immunity. [Marieke Pingen et al., Host Inflammatory Response to Mosquito Bites Enhances the Severity of Arbovirus Infection]

 
♜詳解判斷托福閱讀選項的四個標準♜

對於托福閱讀來說，其中很多的選項都是在答題中故意製造出，混淆大家在答題中的判斷的。那麼，在選擇的過程中，又該注意到一些什麼細節呢？對於托福閱讀的選項來說，其中又有著怎樣的一些固定標準呢？

♠段意對：
如果某個選項恰好是剛剛筆記上記下的段意，則選項為正確選項。題幹要求選出三個能概括文章主要內容的選項，用正常的思維去想一想，我們一般用什麼來概括文章的主要內容呢？當然是段意了。