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👯 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1050.mp3

👯

👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是愛麗絲。
And I’m Neil.
我是尼爾。
Have you ever played SimCity, Neil – the city-building computer game?
你有沒有玩過模擬城市那個遊戲？就是城市建設電子遊戲。
Yes, but I wasn’t very good at it. I didn’t build enough houses, which created a lot of homeless Sims– those are the characters in the game. And then I didn’t deal effectively with a flood…
玩過，但是不太擅長。沒有建足夠的房子，容納無家可歸的人。遊戲裡的角色叫做Sim。然後我也未能有效處置洪水。
Really? Well, I suppose managing a city is quite a challenge– which is the subject of today’s show: cities of the future– an important subject as so many of us now live in urban areas. I want to start with our quiz question: What is the percentage of the world’s population that will be living in cities in 2050? We’re dealing with approximates here.Is it…a) 10%? b) 50%? Or c) 70%?
真的嗎？我覺得管理一座城市真的是個挑戰，這也是今天節目的主題，城市的未來這個話題很重要，因為大多數人都居住在城市。首先來看今天的問題：2050年世界將有多少人口居住在城市？我們只是說大概的數量。a) 10%? b) 50%? c) 70%?
I think that it’s a) 10%.
我覺得是a) 10%。
Well, we’ll find out if you’re right or wrong later on in the show. Now, you’ve encountered a couple of issues that might face urban planners when designing a city, Neil – housing and dealing with a flood. Can you think of any others?
好的，節目的最後我們再看你回答的是否正確。你遇到的那些問題，也許也是城市規劃者規劃城市時遇到的問題，如住房和洪水處理。你覺得還有其他的問題嗎？
Yes. Having decent cycle lanes. Good transport networks are very important.
有。合理的自行車道。良好的交通網絡是非常重要的。
Yes indeed, and if people could get around easily on foot, or by bike, or by public transport, roads would be less congested – or overcrowded – and less polluted. That sounds rather utopian to me though.
確實如此，如果人們能夠方便得步行、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通，道路就不會那麼擁擠，污染也會減少。但對我來說，這聽上去太烏托邦了。
A utopia is an imaginary place where everything is perfect. But Copenhagen is pretty utopian, Alice - the air is clean, there are bike lanes everywhere.
烏托邦是指幻想中的地方，那裡所有事物都很完美。但是哥本哈根就很理想國。那裡空氣清新，到處都有自行車道。
That sounds fantastic, but what about somewhere like Beijing with its constant smog – or air pollution – hanging over the city? A lot of people ride bikes there too. So which city is going to be the model for the future?
聽上去很棒，但其他地方，如北京，經常有霧霾籠罩城市。那裡也有很多人騎自行車。所以哪座城市能成為未來城市的模範呢？
Maybe like the future Los Angeles in the movie Blade Runner– you know, glittering high-rises, gigantic neon billboards, flying cars…
也許像電影《銀翼殺手》中未來的洛杉磯——閃閃發光的高樓大廈，巨大的霓虹燈，氣墊汽車……
Well, today’s Los Angeles has terrible urban sprawl and traffic problems.
如今的洛杉磯具有城市擴張，交通問題。
Urban sprawl is the way a city spreads into undeveloped land around it, often without planning permission.
城市擴張是指未經計畫審批，城市向未開發的土地擴張。
Dr Janice Pearlman can explain why this happens. She is the founder and president of the Megacities Project non-profit organization in Rio de Janeiroand knows a lot about urban sprawl in Brazilian cities.
Janice Pearlman 可以解釋為什麼這種情況會發生。她是里約熱內盧非盈利組織大都市計畫的創始人和會長，很瞭解巴西城市擴張的狀況。
People are coming massively into the cities which have no housing that’s affordable to them. So they can’t rent and they can’t buy, and they end up building their own communities and houses on unoccupied land. And these communities are becoming in some places the majority not the minority and they’re off the grid so they’re not often serviced by either the social services but also many of them don’t have water, sanitation and electricity.
人們大規模湧入城市，但他們又負擔不起城市的住房。所以他們沒法租房也沒法買房，只能在未開發的土地上建造自己的社區和房屋。這些社區成為某些城市的多數人口，而非小範圍特例，他們脫離了城市，所以經常不能享受到社會服務，很多人沒有水、衛生設備和電力。
People migrate – or move – from the countryside to the city to get better opportunities, but end up with nowhere to live.
人們從鄉村遷移到城市原本是想得到更好的機會，但最終卻無處可去。
So they build their own housing on unoccupied land. These shanty towns – poor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materials like corrugated iron and plastic sheeting – are often off the grid…
所以他們在未開發的土地上建造自己的房子。這些棚戶區，即窮人們用廉價的材料，如波紋鐵皮片和塑膠板建造的房子，構成的社區經常脫離了城市，
Which means they don’t have an electricity or water supply – or access to healthcare and education. And these communities are growing, so the problem is getting bigger. So are there any solutions, Alice?
這意味著他們無法得到電力和水供應，無法接觸到衛生醫療和教育。這些群體在不斷增長，因此問題也愈發嚴重。這有解決的辦法嗎？
Well, it’s all about improving the infrastructure. That’s the basic facilities a town or city needs, for example: communication, transport, water, and electricity. But this shouldn’t only mean improving housing conditions, but also promoting education and employment among the inhabitants, and building better communities.
都是圍繞提高基礎設施。也就是一個城鎮或城市需要的基礎設施，如通信、交通、水和電力。但不應該知識提高住房環境，還要提高這些居民的教育和工作水準，然後建造更良好的社區。
That sounds like a real headache for the urban planners.
這真的是讓城市規劃者頭疼的問題啊。
You’re right there. And one thing urban planners are talking about at the moment is creating ’smart cities’. John Rossant, founder and chairman of the non-profit organisation New Cities Foundation, explains what it is.
沒錯。城市規劃者如今常常提及的是創建“智慧城市”。John Rossant是非營利組織新城市基金會的創始人和主席，他會解釋什麼是智慧城市。
I think, you know, generally it’s accepted that cloud computing, ubiquitous internet, robust 5G networks etc, will transform our cities, whether they’re in the global south or the developed world.And, you know, technology is really a game changer, I think, in urbanisation.
如今人們已經承認，雲計算、無處不在的互聯網、強勁的5G網路將會改變我們的城市，不管是在南半球還是發達國家。科技在城市化中處於力挽狂瀾的角色。
John Rossant there. What’s ubiquitous, Alice?
上述是John Rossant的觀點。什麼是 ubiquitous？
It means available everywhere. So, the idea behind smart cities is to use technology to collect large amounts of data about how a city is performing.
是指無處不在。所以智慧城市的觀點在於利用科技收集城市運行的大量資料。
And that will be a game changer – significantly affecting the way our cities function. Hope for the future, Alice?
科技會成為規則制定者，極大地影響著我們城市運作的方式。這是未來城市的希望？
Fingers crossed. Now, I think it’s time for the answer to today’s quiz question, Neil. I asked: What is the percentage of the world’s population that will be living in cities in 2050? And remember I said we are dealing with approximates here? Is it… a) 10%? b) 50%? Or c) 70%?
讓我們一起祈禱。我覺得是時候公佈問題的答案了。我問你：2050年世界有多少人口會居住在城市？還記得我說的是估計的數字吧。a) 10%? b) 50%? 還是 c) 70%?
And I said a) 10%.
我選的是a) 10%。
Yes, and you underestimated there, Neil. The right answer is actually c) 70%. This, according to a report by the United Nations. Today 54% of the world’s population lives in urban areas.
好吧，你太低估這個數字了。正確答案是c) 70%。這是依據聯合國的一份報告。如今全世界已有54%的人口居住在城市。
A lot really!
真的很多啊！
Yeah.
沒錯。
Well, I know we’re running out of time, so let me repeat the words we learned today. They were:
我知道我們節目的時間快到了，讓我來回憶一下今天學到的單詞。它們是：
congested 擁擠的
utopia 烏托邦
smog 霧霾
urban sprawl 城市擴張
migrate 遷移
shanty towns 棚戶區
off the grid 脫離城市
infrastructure 基礎設施
ubiquitous 無處不在的
game changer 規則制定者
Well, that’s the end of this edition of 6 Minute English. Join us again soon! Meanwhile, visit our website: bbclearningenglish.com, where you’ll find guides to grammar, exercises, videos and articles to read and improve your English.
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下次再會！同時可以登錄我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com查看語法、練習、視頻和文章，提高英文能力。
Bye.
再見！
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