☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2016/20160704sa_earth.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
The Earth's temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a double whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the University of Exeter.
地球的溫度正在上升，若真是這樣，春季現象——花兒首次盛開的時間會越來越早。但不斷升高的氣溫並不是唯一的因素。城市光污染也加快了春天到來的腳步。因此在溫度和光線的雙重打擊下，導致讓一切提前。理查•弗倫奇恒，英國埃克塞特大學的昆蟲學家。
He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the U.K., who tracked the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights in cities, and along roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures could achieve. This disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem.
他和他的同事們編寫了來自公民科學家13年的資料，對四種常見的樹木進行追蹤，觀察其第一次萌芽的時間，其實，光污染——城市路燈以及沿途公路上——導致發芽整整提前一個星期，不斷上升的氣溫會帶來什麼深遠結果。這種破壞性的時機可以對生態系統產生影響。
"The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So earlier buds could ultimately affect the survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. [Richard H. ffrench-Constant et al., Light pollution is associated with earlier tree budburst across the United Kingdom]
以樹為食的毛毛蟲正試圖將自己的孵卵時間與發芽時間相匹配。因為毛毛蟲要以最多汁、最少受化學物質保護的葉子為食。並且不僅僅毛毛蟲是這樣。當然，這一點很重要。但其連鎖反應體現在築巢鳥類上。它們和毛毛蟲一樣，也試圖在同一時間孵化鳥蛋，這時候毛毛蟲的數量最多。因此提前發芽可能影響鳥類的生存，甚至影響更加深遠。該項研究結果發表在《皇家學會學報B輯》上。
The world's becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we understand more about how light affects this bud burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of street lighting that has less red components, and therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.
世界越來越城市化，光污染的範圍也越來越大。 ffrench-Constant 表示這可以欺騙樹木更早提前發芽。但是智慧燈光——如LED指示燈，調低某些波長，可以有所幫助。或許令人感到興奮的是，如果我們對光線如何影響萌芽有更深刻的瞭解，我們也許能夠設計出發出更少紅光的智慧路燈，這樣使萌芽時間少提前一些，以此使春天出現實際的春天現象。
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