☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

🎁 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20160630sa_science.mp3

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🎁 中英文稿：
We've all heard the adage: monkey see, monkey do. But it is literally true—if a monkey sees you looking at something, it will look, too. Now, a study shows that this tendency for a monkey to track what another is looking at is age-dependent. And in a very similar way to the same behavior in people.
我們都聽過這樣一句諺語：有樣學樣。但它是完全正確的。如果一隻猴子看見你在看什麼東西，它也會看。現在，一項研究表明猴子的這種效仿另一個正在看什麼的趨勢，源於年齡相關性，並且以相似的方式表達出與人類相同的行為。
The ability to what's called “gaze-follow” is a fundamental skill that underlies our social lives. When we turn to see what other people see, we recognize their interest and join in their curiosity—or concern. Stand on a busy street corner and look up. It won't be long before you have a crowd of people trying to see what it is you're looking at. And other primates do it too.
所謂的“追隨視線”的能力是一項基本技能，成為我們社會生活的基礎。當我們轉身去看其他人在看什麼時，我們尋求他們的興趣，融入他們所好奇的——或關心的。站在一個繁忙的街角並仰望，用不了多久，就會有一群人過來圍觀使勁兒看你正在看什麼。並且其他靈長類動物也這麼做。
Researchers studied a large population of free-ranging macaques on an island off Puerto Rico. One scientist would approach a macaque that was sitting by itself and would attempt to get its attention by clapping or snapping or by saying, “Monkey, monkey.” That's lead investigator Alexandra Rosati of Harvard. When the macaque made eye contact, Rosati would look straight up in the air. A second researcher would film the interaction to see whether the monkey also looked up.
研究人員對數量巨大的自由放養獼猴進行研究，這些獼猴生活在波多黎各一座島嶼上。一位科學家將接近坐著的獼猴，並且試圖通過鼓掌或發出啪的一聲或說猴子猴子來吸引它的注意力。這是哈佛的首席研究員亞歷山德拉羅薩蒂（Alexandra Rosati）。當獼猴和他有眼神接觸時，德拉羅薩蒂將看向正上方的天空。第二個研究人員將拍攝這一互動，以查看是否獼猴也會向上看。
The humans pulled the same stunt on nearly 500 monkeys of all different ages, from infants just two weeks old to elders of 28 years. And they found that, for macaques, gaze following kicks in a few months after birth, peaks in juveniles, and declines in old age—a pattern that matches what happens in humans. To see the results for yourself, take a look at the write-up in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. [Alexandra G. Rosati et al, Rhesus monkeys show human -like changes in gaze following across the lifespan]
人們又在近500只不同年齡段的猴子身上測試這同一動作，從僅僅兩周大的嬰兒到28歲的年老猴子。他們發現，獼猴在出生幾個月之後就擁有視線追隨能力，青少年時期達到峰值，年老之後衰退——其模式與人類身上所發生的相匹配。如果想查看，請在《英國皇家學會會報》B版上查看書面結果。
The researchers also found that juvenile and adult macaques quickly figured out that Rosati was faking: when she looked up, there wasn't actually anything in particular worth seeing. At which point the clever primates disengaged from the activity. Which suggests that, yes, you can make a macaque look. But you can't make it a monkey's uncle.
研究人員還發現，青少年和成年獼猴很快就可以發現 Rosati 是假裝的。當她抬起頭向上看時，實際上沒有什麼特別值得一看的。這時聰明的靈長類動物就可以從這個活動中脫離出來。這表明，是的，你可以使一隻獼猴觀看，但你不能讓它變成猴子的叔叔。
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