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MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1044.mp3

中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是愛麗絲。
… And I’m Rob.
我是羅伯。
So, it’s nearly exam time again. And the subject of today’s show is how to prepare well for an exam.
又接近考試周了。所以今天節目的主題是如何準備一門考試。
I’ve got some great tips, actually, Alice.
事實上我有很多小竅門。
Have you really? Can you remind me what grades you got at school?
真的嗎？你在學校成績如何？
Yes, well … [mumbles] …
額……
So, you didn’t get very good grades.
所以，你成績不是很好。
I probably should’ve started revising earlier. But my learning strategies were very good.
也許我應該早一點複習的。但是我的學習方法還是很好的。
Oh, really? Well, when you revise for an exam you study information you learned before. OK, Rob, I’d love to hear more about your learning strategies, but first here’s today’s quiz question for you. What’s the word for a system, such as use of special poems or rhymes to help you remember something? Is it …a) pneumatics b) mnemonics Or c) hypnotics?
真的嗎？你什麼時候開始複習一門考試呢。好了，羅伯，我很想繼續聽你說學習方法，但首先回答今天的問題吧。哪個表示借助特殊的詩詞或韻律幫助記憶？a) 氣體力學?b) 記憶術？還是 c) 催眠藥?
I’ll go for b) mnemonics.
我選b) 記憶術。
Well, we’ll find out whether you got the answer right or not later on in the show. Now, according to current scientific research, some study methods popular with students aren’t actually very effective.
好的，之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。根據現有的科學調查，一些在學生中非常流傳的學習方法實際上非常沒有效率。
Don’t tell me – putting your textbook under your pillow at night doesn’t work.
別告我晚上把課本放在枕頭下面沒有用。
Did you try doing that, Rob?
你試過？
Yes, I did, but without much success. Maybe I was using the wrong kind of pillow?!
是的，但沒有多大效果。也許我用錯了枕頭？
Well, let’s talk about more conventional methods than the book-under-the-pillow one.These include summarising, highlighting or underlining text to help you remember it… I do love a pack of highlighting pens, though.
我們來談談比枕頭下放書更傳統的方法。包括總結、標亮、底線標注等方法幫你記憶。我喜歡用螢光筆。
Oh yes, me too.And actually highlighting text was one of my top tips. But I used to get so absorbed with the highlighting I’m not sure I was actually learning anything useful. My notebooks were works of art, though!
我也是。而且將課文標亮是我的竅門之一。但是我過去太沉迷於標亮課文，我也不確定是否學到了有用的東西。我的筆記本就和美術作品一樣！
Yes, and that’s the point made by John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US,who says that you need to do more than just highlight information. You need to test yourself on it. Let’s hear from him now.
這就是美國肯特州立大學心理學教授John Dunlosky提到的重點，不能僅僅標亮資訊，你需要做更多。你需要檢測自己學到的知識。我們現在聽聽他說的。
Students who can basically test themselves or try to retrieve material from their memory are going to learn that material in the long run a lot better. So for instance maybe you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.
那些經常檢測自己或再一次加強對材料記憶的學生從長遠來看，對材料的理解能力更好。例如，你開始閱讀一本教材，你用喜歡的螢光筆或顏色將其標亮，之後你要回憶一遍，將所有重要的概念製作成抽認卡。而不是僅僅再重讀一邊，你要經常檢測自己的記憶。
Professor John Dunlosky there. So he says trying to memorise the material isn’t enough. You need to do something with it, for example, making flashcards of critical – or important – concepts and then testing yourself on them.
上述是John Dunlosky教授的觀點。他說僅僅記住材料是不夠的。你需要做一些其他的工作，如製作重要概念的抽認卡，然後自我測試。
By repeatedly testing yourself on something, you strengthen the pathways between neurons – or nerve cells – in the brain. And the more often you do this, the easier it becomes to retrieve information.
通過重複性的自我檢測，你會加強腦中神經元之間的聯繫。越是經常這麼做，越容易獲取之前記憶的資訊。
And retrieve means to get something back.
Retrieve是指重新得到。
That’s right. When you repeatedly test yourself over a longer period of time – for example, over months or weeks-this is called distributed practice – and psychologists believe this is a very effective way to learn.
沒錯。進行長時間，如幾個月或幾周重複性的自我檢測，這種方法也被稱為分佈練習。心理學家們認為這是非常高效的學習方法。
It sounds like hard work, though, doesn’t it? I prefer the cramming method – which means to try and learn lots of information in a short period of time. For example, the night before the exam.
聽起來很不容易，不是嗎？我喜歡填鴨式的學習方法，在短時間內嘗試學習很多知識。例如考試前一晚臨時抱佛腳。
I don’t know, Rob. We don’t cram to learn other things – like music or dancing, or football or language learning. It’s far more effective to join a conversation class and practise speaking every week than to practise for hours in front of the mirror the night before your oral exam!
我不知道。我們不能通過填鴨式方法學習其他東西，如音樂、舞蹈、足球或語言。每週參加演講課程，練習會話，比口語考試前一晚在鏡子前苦練高效得多。
That’s a good point. In fact, I used to sing irregular French verbs to myself, every day in the shower for weeks before my French exam, and that helped me remember them more easily.
這是個好主意。事實上，法語考試前幾周，我每天洗澡時都會自己哼唱不規則法語動詞，這樣能幫助我記憶。
Excellent! Making different types of associations with what you’re trying to learn– for example, musical associations – is meant to be effective. Let’s listen now to Professor Dunlovsky talking about visual associations.
沒錯！可以將學習的內容與其他東西聯繫在一起，比如和音樂聯繫在一起，是很高效的學習方法。我們聽聽Dunlovsky教授講述視覺聯繫。
I would encourage students as they are reading to try and elaborate mentally using images, as they’re reading, to kind of develop a more vivid picture of what they’re reading. Again, that’ll help quite a bit for some kinds of studies – maybe history and so forth – and a little bit less so for more conceptual studies.
我會鼓勵學生在閱讀時，嘗試詳細描述腦中的畫面，將所閱讀的內容在腦中生成生動的畫面。這會幫助他們學習歷史等課程，但對學習概念較多的課程幫助較少。
And if you elaborate on something, it means you add more information – in this case, mental pictures.
elaborate on something是指給出更多的資訊，這裡是指腦海中的畫面。
So, creating mental pictures is useful for some subjects – like history or languages. But conceptual subjects – ones based on abstract ideas rather than things – like maths, for example– it might not be so easy to associate ideas with pictures.
在腦海中形成畫面，有助於歷史或語言的學習。但是對於概念性課程，基於抽象觀點的課程，如數學，則不容易與畫面聯繫在一起。
Now what about Albert Einstein? People say he was a very visual thinker.
那愛因斯坦呢？人們都說他善於視覺思考。
Well, you’ve got me there, Rob. I don’t know the answer to that but I can give you the answer to today’s quiz question. I asked: What’s the word for a system, such as use of special poems or rhymes to help you remember something? Is it … a) pneumatics, b) mnemonics or c) hypnotics?
你問倒我了。我不知道這個答案，但是我能告訴你今天問題的答案。我問你，下列哪個表示借助特殊的詩詞或韻律幫助記憶？a) 氣體力學? b) 記憶術？還是 c) 催眠藥?
I said mnemonics.
我選的是b) 記憶術。
And you were right!
回答正確！
Great!
太好了！
Well done! Research on mnemonics suggests they are a good strategy for learning certain kinds of things, like how to spell difficult words. For example, the first letters of this sentence: ’big elephants cause accidents under small elephants’ spells ’because’. Now, do you think you can remember the words we heard today, Rob?
做的不錯！對記憶術的研究表明，記憶術是幫助學習某種事物的絕妙方法，如學習如何拼寫較難的單詞。例如這一句的首字母 ‘big elephants cause accidents under small elephants’可以拼出單詞because。現在，你還記得我們今天學到的單詞嗎？
We heard:
我們聽到的單詞有：
revise 複習
critical 重要的
neurons 神經元
retrieve 重新得到
distributed practice 分佈練習
cramming 填鴨式
elaborate 詳細描述
conceptual 概念性的
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Remember to join us again soon!
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下次再會。
Bye.
再見！
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