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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Neil...
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。
… and I’m Alice. Neil, what are you eating?
我是愛麗絲。尼爾，你在吃什麼？
Peanuts.
花生。
Hmm. Did you know that one of the producers, here, has an allergy to peanuts?
你知道我們這的一個製作人對花生過敏嗎？
No, I didn’t – but they’re not in the studio with us, so it doesn’t matter, does it?
我不知道，但是他們現在沒在錄音棚，所以沒事吧？
It only takes a tiny piece of peanut to cause a big allergic reaction in some people. An allergy by the way, is a condition that makes you feel ill after eating, touching or breathing in a particular substance.
對一些人來說，接觸一丁點花生就會產生很大的過敏反應。過敏是指食物、接觸或吸入某種特別的物質後產生的不適反應。
And food allergies are the subject of today’s show.
食物過敏就是今天節目的主題。
Alright, put your peanuts down, Neil and answer today’s quiz question. What substance is used to treat a severe allergic reaction? Is it…a) penicillin? b) adrenalin? Or c) aspirin?
把你的花生放下，回答今天的問題吧。下列哪個物質可以治療嚴重的過敏反應？a) 青黴素? b) 腎上腺素? 還是c) 阿司匹林?
OK, well, I’m going to go for a) penicillin.
我選a) 青黴素。
Well, we’ll find out if that’s the right answer later on. Now let’s listen to Dr Marianne Williams talking about why being too clean may not be a good thing. She is a dietician here in the UK.
好的，之後看你回答得是否正確。現在我們來聽聽Marianne Williams醫生解釋為什麼食物太乾淨了也不是好事。她是英國的營養學家。
For roughly the first month of life the immune system is switched off in essenceand everything they [babies] get exposed to in that first month in life – dogs, cats, aunts, uncles, grannies, grandpas, family, dirt – everything – that is where they build up all the bacteria that are then going to colonise their gut in the future. Now, if you’re born into a very sterile environment, as is increasingly the case in the western world, everything’s kept terribly clean, and one of the theories is that we just are not getting enough exposure to a variety of bacteria at that very very early stage in that first month of life.
在生命最開始的一個月時間裡，孩子的免疫系統基本上是關閉的，滿月的嬰兒在這時接觸的所有人或物，如狗、貓、叔叔阿姨、爺爺奶奶、家庭成員、塵土，所有這些都是之後入駐他們腸道系統的細菌的來源。有這麼一種說法，如果出生在無菌的環境中（越來越多的西方家庭採取這種措施），所有東西都可怕的乾淨，人們就不會在生命最開始的一個月中接觸到那麼多各類的細菌。
Dr Marianne Williams. The immune system is our body’s defence against infection. And it’s switched off – or not working – for the first month of a baby’s life.
人們就不會在生命最開始的一個月中接觸到那麼多各類的細菌。滿月嬰兒的免疫系統是關閉的，不工作的。
And through exposure to lots of things in our environment – that’s family, pets, dirt and so on – young babies meet different bacteria for the first time which colonise – or live and grow in – their guts.
通過接觸環境中的各種人或物，如家庭成員、寵物、灰塵等，嬰兒會初次接觸各類細菌，之後這些細菌會長駐嬰兒的內臟中。
Yes, but in a sterile environment babies don’t get exposed to – or don’t meet – a wide enough variety of bacteria. Sterile means completely clean and free of bacteria. And there’s a theory that being too clean and bacteria-free – now we have soap, antibiotics and better sanitation – has lead to an increase in allergies.
但是在無菌的環境下，嬰兒就不會接觸到各類的細菌。無菌是指完全乾淨，隔離細菌。有一種說法，在過於乾淨、無菌的環境中，就像現在我們使用香皂、抗生素，注重衛生清潔的情況下，人體更容易過敏。
So dirty play for babies is good – mud, pets, picking stuff up off the floor and eating it.
所以把自己弄得髒兮兮的對嬰兒來說有好處，例如在泥土裡打鬧、和寵物玩耍、在地板上撿起東西並塞進嘴裡。
Did you use to eat food off the floor when you were little, Neil?
你小時候會在地上撿起東西就塞進嘴裡嗎？
Used to? I still do. I enjoy food from the floor!
過去？我現在也會這麼做。我喜歡從地板上撿起的食物！
Well, Neil, what can I say? We’re both lucky to be allergy-free.I have a friend who has an allergy to gluten – a protein found in wheat and some other grains – and she has to be very careful about what she eats so she doesn’t get ill.
好吧，我還能說什麼？我們都很幸運，沒有過敏。我有一個朋友對穀蛋白過敏，穀蛋白是小麥和一些穀物中含有的蛋白質，她必須對吃的食物非常小心，不然就會生病。
The supermarkets are quite helpful, though, aren’t they, with products ’free from this’ and ’free from that’?
超市在這方面做得很好，會在產品上表明“不含這”，“不含那”。
This is helpful, yes. But the food industry is now marketing their products to attract consumers who don’t have a proven – or tested – allergy.
這確實很有幫助。但是食品行業如今向無過敏史的消費者宣傳他們這些產品。
Why would you buy free-from foods if you don’t have a food allergy?
如果並不會對食物過敏，人們為什麼也會買這種食品呢？
Well, people have started to believe that certain foods – like gluten or dairy – are bad for us, though there isn’t any medical evidence to support this. Let’s hear about how rickets – a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin D in the diet – is affecting some children in the UK.
人們開始相信有些食物對人體有害，如穀蛋白或乳製品，儘管沒有任何醫學證據支撐。由於膳食中缺乏維生素D，英國的孩子們開始受佝僂病的影響。我們來聽一聽。
Rickets is common in the developing world but this is London in the 21st century. These children aren’t malnourished because they’re too poor to eat well – it’s the opposite. Their often middle-class parents are spending money to give them foods with ingredients taken out. It’s as if some of us have become unnecessarily frightened of our food.
佝僂病在發展中國家很常見，但我們現在是在21世紀的倫敦。這些孩子們營養不良不是因為太窮吃不好，恰恰相反。他們中產階級的父母花費不少錢給他們買營養不全的食品。我們中的一些人似乎對食物產生了不必要的恐懼。
Rickets usually affects malnourished children from poor countries– children who don’t have enough to eat – and it makes their bones weak. But here in London some parents are buying their children expensive free-from foods – for example to avoid dairy – and are sometimes making them very ill.
佝僂病通常發生在營養不良的貧窮國家的孩子身上，他們沒有足夠的食物，因此骨頭很脆弱。但是在倫敦，一些父母花大價錢購買營養不全的食品，例如不含乳類的食品，這使得孩子們極易生病。
It sounds crazy, doesn’t it?
這聽起來太瘋狂了，不是嗎？
Yeah… it’s nuts! Get it? Nuts.
沒錯，瘋了！知道嗎？瘋了！
Very good.
這詞用得不錯。
Yes. Nuts - that means crazy. Now I think it’s time for the answer to today’s quiz question.
沒錯，堅果（Nuts）還可以指發瘋。我覺得是時候公佈今天問題的答案了。
OK, then. So earlier in the show I asked: What substance is used to treat a severe allergic reaction? Is it… a) penicillin? b) adrenalin? Or c) aspirin?
好的，節目之初我問你：下列哪個物質可以治療嚴重的過敏反應？a) 青黴素? b) 腎上腺素? 還是c) 阿司匹林?
I said a) penicillin.
我選的是a) 青黴素。
And you were wrong, Neil! The correct answer is b) adrenalin. An injection of adrenalin can be used to treat anaphylaxis – or severe allergic reactions – to insect stings, foods, drugs, and other allergens. Antibiotics such as penicillin treat bacterial infections and aspirin is a painkiller you might take for a headache.
你回答錯了。正確答案是b) 腎上腺素。注射腎上腺素可以治療過敏性反映，或因蟲叮、食品、藥品和其他過敏源引起的嚴重過敏反應。抗生素，如青黴素可以治療細菌感染；阿司匹林是止痛片，頭疼時可以服用。
OK, can you tell us the words we heard today again please, Alice?
好的，再聽一遍今天提到的單詞吧？
Sure. They are:
今天聽到的單詞有：
allergy 過敏症
immune system 免疫系統
switched off 關閉
colonise 駐紮
get exposed to 接觸
sterile 無菌的
gluten 穀蛋白
proven 證實
rickets 佝僂病
malnourished 營養不良的
nuts 堅果；瘋了
anaphylaxis 過敏性反應
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t be afraid to join us again soon.
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。別害怕，我們下次再會。
You know where to find us, don’t you? Go to bbclearningenglish.comwhere you’ll find grammar points, vocabulary and more editions of 6 Minute English.
你知道怎麼找到我們的節目吧？登陸bbclearningenglish.com，可以查看語法點和詞彙，還有更多的六分鐘英語節目。
Bye.
再見。
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