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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是愛麗絲。
… And I’m Rob. Alice, I read in the paper recently that the substance called ’fluoride’ might be bad for our health. But it’s in nearly every brand of toothpaste, isn’t it?
我是羅伯。愛麗絲，我最近在報紙上看到一種叫“氟化物”的物質可能對我們的健康有害。但是幾乎每一款牙膏都有這種物質，不是嗎？
You shouldn’t believe everything you hear, Rob. Fluoride protects our teeth against decay.
你不應該聽信所有聽到的事情。氟化物保護我們的牙齒不受腐蝕。
But there’s a theory that drug companies are using fluoride to affect our brains… and make us all dumb…
但是有一種說法稱製藥公司利用氟化物影響我們的大腦，讓我們變得癡傻。
That’s ridiculous Rob!
這太荒謬了羅伯！
Well… I’m not sure if I believe it or not. But it is worrying me.
我不確定到底信不信。但確實讓我很擔心。
Do you also worry that the moon landings never really happened?
你也為登月事件到底有沒有發生過而擔心嗎？
It’s funny you should mention that because… yes! I wonder about this too… Apparently, in the 1960s television footage of the moon landing, the American flag is fluttering– and there’s no air on the moon so the US government must’ve faked it!
你提到這個真的很有趣，因為，真的，我為這個擔心過。很明顯，20世紀60年代電視上播放的登月視頻中，美國國旗在飄動。但月球上沒有空氣，所以美國政府一定是造假了！
To fake something means to make something that isn’t true appear to be real. I didn’t realize you were so gullible Rob – and that means easily persuaded to believe something.
造假是指沒有真正發生的事看上去像真的一樣。我沒想到你這麼容易上當，就是說容易被說服去相信某事。
I just like to question things.
我只是喜歡質疑。
Oh, I see…
哦，好吧……
I have a healthy distrust of authority, Alice. And today we’re talking about conspiracy theories– a conspiracy theory is a belief that some organization or group of people is responsible for a situation or event through secret planning.
我對權威的不信任是健康的。今天我們要談論陰謀論，陰謀論是指相信一些組織或群體在秘密策劃操控某種局面。
We’ll talk more about how healthy this type of distrust might be later on in the show. But now please focus your intellectual powers on today’s quiz question, Rob. Around what proportion of the US population believes that the assassination of President John F Kennedy was not the result of a lone gunman? Is it…a) 6%? b) 16%? Or c) 60%?
之後我們再談論這種不信任到底多麼健康。現在把你的智慧投入到今天的問題上吧。有多少美國人相信甘迺迪的刺殺事件不單是一個槍手所為？a) 6%? b) 16%? 還是 c) 60%?
I’ll go for b) 16%.
我選b) 16%。
Well, we’ll find out if you chose the right answer later on in the programme. But for now let’s move on. Let’s talk about what types of people are thought to be susceptible to – or likely to be influenced by – conspiracy theories.
好的，之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。但是現在我們繼續談論今天的話題。我們來說說哪種人更容易受陰謀論的影響。
The stereotype is of a loner, maybe male, middle aged, sitting in front of the computer. But in actual fact this isn’t true. People of all ages and from all social classes are susceptible to conspiracy theories. Lots of us worry that important things are being covered up – and a cover-up means an attempt to prevent the public from discovering information about something important.
一般人們所認為的形象是一個孤獨的，也許是男性，中年，整天坐在電腦前。但事實並非如此。各個年齡段各個階層的人都易受陰謀論的影響。我們中很多人都擔心重要的事情被掩蓋，掩蓋也就是阻止公眾發現一些重要事情的資訊。
Let’s listen now to Professor Chris French from Goldsmiths, a college within the University of London, talking more about people who believe in conspiracy theories.
我們聽聽金斯密斯學院的Chris French教授的觀點。金斯密斯學院是倫敦大學的一個學院，教授將進一步介紹相信陰謀論的人。
There are quite a few personality dimensions that seem to be related to belief in conspiracy theories and not surprisingly paranoia is one of them; also openness to new ideas – people who are willing to entertain ideas that are kind of off the beaten track. People who believe in conspiracy theories tend to believe in the paranormal.
人的很多性格特點和他會不會相信陰謀論有關，毫無意外偏執是其中之一。還有樂於接受新觀點的人，他們總喜歡獨闢蹊徑的想法。相信陰謀論的人都傾向於相信超自然現象。
That was Professor Chris French. So he says that paranoia is a personality trait – or quality – that leads some people to believe in conspiracy theories.
上述是Chris French教授的觀點。所以他說偏執是一種性格特點，會導致一些人相信陰謀論。
Paranoia is a strong and unreasonable feeling that other people don’t like you or want to harm you.
偏執是一種強烈的過度的情感，總是認為其他人不喜歡你，或者想要傷害你。
And ideas that are off the beaten track are those which are unusual and aren’t shared by many other people.
獨闢蹊徑的想法是指不尋常的，不被大多數人接受的想法。
Believing in the paranormal means believing in strange things that can’t be explained by science, for example, ghosts.
相信超自然現象是指相信一些不能被科學解釋的奇怪事情，如鬼怪。
Ghosts, yes. Do you believe in them, Alice?
鬼怪。你相信有鬼嗎，愛麗絲？
No, Rob, I don’t. How about you?
不，我不相信。你呢？
Well, maybe.
也許信吧。
Moving on. Most of the time believing in conspiracy theories is quite harmless and might even be good – because we shouldn’t just accept everything that we’re told. But there can also be serious consequences. Let’s hear more from Professor French on this.
我們繼續說。大多數時候相信陰謀論也沒什麼壞處，也許還有好處，因為我們不應該聽信所有被告知的事情。但是相信陰謀論可能會導致一些嚴重後果。我們繼續聽Chris French教授的採訪。
Studies have shown that people are less likely to engage with the political process. People who accept medically based conspiracies are likely to avoid getting their kids vaccinated. And even terrorist acts it’s been shown that terrorist groups will actually use conspiracy theories as both a means to get new recruits and also to motivate people to carry out extreme terrorist acts.
研究顯示，人們很少在政治事件中這樣。相信醫學陰謀論的人可能會不給孩子注射疫苗。相信陰謀論還有可能導致恐怖行為，研究顯示恐怖組織經常利用陰謀論雇傭新人，或鼓動人們實施極端恐怖行為。
So the toothpaste thing I mentioned at the beginning of the show is a medically based conspiracy theory?
所以我之前提到的牙膏事件是一種醫學陰謀論？
Yes.
是的。
But more serious examples are parents choosing not to vaccinate their children against diseases because of unsubstantiated ideas that they are harmful– ’unsubstantiated’ means ’not supported by evidence’.
更嚴重的例子是父母不給孩子打疫苗抵禦疾病，僅僅因為聽信了毫無事實根據的疫苗有害的觀點。毫無事實很據是指未經證實。
That’s right. OK, now remember the question I asked earlier, Rob? Around what proportion of the US population believes that the assassination of President John F Kennedy wasn’t the result of a lone gunman? Is it… a) 6%, b) 16% or c) 60%?
沒錯。還記得之前的問題嗎？有多少美國人相信甘迺迪的刺殺事件不單是一個槍手所為？a) 6%?b) 16%?還是 c) 60%?
Well, I said b) 16%.
我選b) 16%。
And you were wrong today, Rob, I’m afraid. The answer is actually c) 60%. And this statistic comes from a Gallup poll from 2013 that suggests a clear majority of Americans still believe others, besides the gunman Lee Harvey Oswald, were involved.
今天你回答錯了，羅伯。正確答案是c) 60%。這一資料來自2013年蓋洛普民意調查，顯示大多數美國人仍然相信，除了槍手Lee Harvey Oswald，還有其他人參與刺殺事件。
That’s more than I expected. But they might have a point.
比我想像的多。但也許他們的想法也很有道理。
There you go again… Come on, Rob. Now let me remind everybody what words we’ve heard today.
你又來了。好了，羅伯。我們再回憶一下今天的單詞吧。
They are:
今天聽到的單詞有：
to fake something 造假
gullible 易上當的
conspiracy theory 陰謀論
susceptible 易受影響的
cover-up 掩蓋
trait 特徵
paranoia 偏執，妄想狂
off the beaten track 獨闢蹊徑
unsubstantiated 未有事實依據的
That’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期再會。
Bye.
再見。
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