☊ 碧瓏司の→ßeℒongŚ

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：
http://online1.tingclass.net/voas…/2016/20160318sa_earth.mp3

🎁  

🎁 中英文稿：
The massive ice sheet topping Greenland is losing nearly 300 billion tons a year to melting, according to NASA estimates. And all that meltwater means rising seas. But it's also dumping huge amounts of nutrients and minerals into Arctic waters.
據美國航空航天局估計，格陵蘭島表層的巨大冰層正以每年3000億的速度消失。冰塊融化意味著海平面上升。但同時也會有大量的營養物質和礦物會進入北極海域。
"The great thing about glaciers and ice sheets, is that they're these big, very heavy systems, and as they move over rock they grind and crush the rock up." Jon Hawkings, a glacial biogeochemist at the University of Bristol in the U.K. "So they expose all these reactive kind of trace components of the rock lattice to the fresh meltwater that's coming in.”
冰川和冰層的偉大之處在於體積巨大，品質龐大，並且可以移動岩石將岩石擊碎。喬恩•霍金是英國布里斯托爾大學的冰川地質學家。“所以岩石中的豐富的微量成分將進入融化的雪水中。”
That meltwater funnels rock dust into Greenland's glacial rivers, where Hawkings and his colleagues took their samples. They found that Greenland's rivers are much richer in phosphorus than previously believed.
融化的冰水將岩石中的塵土過濾，並最終成為格陵蘭的冰川河流，而霍金和同事們就在這裡進行取樣。他們發現，與之前的猜測相比，格陵蘭的河流中磷含量非常豐富。
And they estimate that Greenland's glacial rivers may flush some 400,000 tons of phosphorus into ocean waters every year—that’s on par with the amount of phosphorous dumped into the ocean by the Mississippi or Amazon rivers. The findings appear in the journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles.
對此他們估計格陵蘭的冰川河每年會把大約40萬噸的磷注入海洋——而這一數量與密西西比河或亞馬遜河每年的注入量持平。該研究結果發表在《全球生物地球化學迴圈 》雜誌上。
All that extra phosphorus could be fertilizer for ocean life. "It's an essential nutrient for phytoplankton, who are the guys on the bottom of the food chain. So it's really, really important for life. And life can't exist without it."
“所有這些額外的磷將會成為海洋生物的肥料。浮游植物位於食物鏈的底層，而磷是其重要的營養元素。所以，這些真的很重要，沒有它，生命就無法存活。”
And this process—glaciers grinding rocks, then melting and flushing those nutrients to sea—it’s not the first time it's happened. In fact, the authors speculate that during the last extreme ice age—the so-called "snowball Earth," some 700 million years ago—all this phosphorus runoff may have caused a bloom in ocean life. A bloom that may have ultimately oxygenated the planet...and paved the way for organisms like us.
冰川研磨岩石這一過程，就會將這些營養物質融化並沖入大海——而這樣的事情並不罕見。實際上，作者估計，在過去極端冰河時代——關於7億年前雪球假說——這些磷徑流可能導致海洋生命茂盛。生命旺盛最終導致地球上有氧生物的出現，就為我們人類的產生奠定了基礎。
➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟➟