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http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1026.mp3
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👯 中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Neil…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是尼爾。
And I’m Sophie…
我是蘇菲。
Sophie, I can’t get out of my head what Mark Zuckerberg, you know, the guy who created Facebook, said recently.
蘇菲，我一直在想馬克•祖克柏最近所說的，你知道的，就是創建臉書的那個人。
Oh, I know, he pledged – or made a serious promise – to give away 99% of his shares in Facebook over the course of his lifetime. The shares are currently worth around $45bn.
我知道，他最近保證，也就是鄭重承諾，要在有生之年將臉書99%的股份捐出。該股份目前價值450億美元。
Why, oh why did he decide to give his fortune away? It’s puzzling to me.
為什麼呢，為什麼他決定捐出財產呢？這令我很不解。
It’s an act of philanthropy – which means helping others, especially by giving large amounts of money to good causes.
這是一種慈善行為，慈善是指幫助他人，尤其是好意捐出大量錢財。
And philanthropy is the subject of this show.
慈善也是今天節目的主題。
But don’t worry about Zuckerberg, it’s probably fair to say that he will remain extremely well off – or wealthy – even after giving away his fortune.
但是不用擔心祖克柏，可以說即便是捐出這些財富，他依然很富有。
Well, that’s true. Let me ask you then today’s quiz question: Who was the most generous philanthropist in the US last year? Was it…a) Bill Gates b) Mark Zuckerberg Or c) Warren Buffett
確實如此。那就回答今天的問題吧：去年誰是美國最慷慨的慈善家？a) 比爾蓋茨b) 馬克祖克柏還是 c) 沃倫巴菲特
I’m going to say… c) Warren Buffett.
我想選c) 沃倫巴菲特。
Well, we’ll find out if you were right or not later on in the show. Now, Zuckerberg was inspired to give away his fortune by the birth of his daughter Max. In a letter to Max – posted on Facebook. In his post, he talks about using the money to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Equality – in other words, with the same rights and opportunities.
節目最後我們再看你回答得是否正確。如今祖克柏受女兒馬克思出生的啟發決定捐出財產。他在臉書上公開了寫給女兒的信。信中他提到要用這些錢開發人類潛能，促進下一代孩子的平等。平等，換句話說就是擁有相同的權利和機會。
Zuckerberg is the latest in a long line of billionaire entrepreneurs to turn philanthropist and use his money for good causes. Did you know that some of the earliest American philanthropists were robber barons?
祖克柏是最近一個變身慈善家的億萬富翁，將錢財投入到慈善事業中。你知道嗎，早先一些美國慈善家都是強盜富翁。
Robber barons? What’s … ? Hang on, what’re robber barons?
強盜富翁？什麼意思？什麼是強盜富翁？
They’re business people who use unethical - or morally wrong - business tactics to gain large personal fortunes. Nineteenth-century entrepreneurs like Rockefeller, Carnegie and Ford were robber barons. They built up huge empires in industry – oil, steel, railways, and cars– and were largely responsible for transforming the United States from an agricultural nation into an industrial one.
他們都是採用不道德的商業手段攫取大量財富的商業人士。19世紀的企業家，像洛克菲勒、卡內基和福特都是強盜富翁。他們在各自行業建立起強大的產業帝國——如石油、鋼鐵、鐵路和汽車，很大程度上他們推進了美國從農業國到工業國的轉變。
Henry Ford – he’s the one who said you can have any colour you want as long as it’s black.I like that kind of thing.
亨利福特，他曾說過“不管顧客需要什麼顏色，我們生產的汽車就是黑色的。”我喜歡他的風格。
Focus, Neil!
別扯遠了，尼爾！
OK. OK.
好的，好的。
But as the barons got older, they decided they wanted to give back to society, and turned to philanthropy. Andrew Carnegie believed that wealth should be spent to make the world a better place.
但是當大佬們漸漸變老，他們決定回饋社會，於是變身慈善家。安德魯卡內基相信財富需要被消費，世界也得以越來越好。
That sounds too warm and fuzzy for a ruthless – or cruel - robber baron.
這些話從冷酷無情的強盜大亨口中說出來簡直太溫暖了！
People change, Neil! When he died, Carnegie had given away a total of $350m to the state to spend on public works. That’s around $8bn in today’s money.
人是會變的，尼爾！卡內基去世時，他總共向政府捐出了3.5億美元用於公共事業。這相當於現在的80億美元。
Well, let’s listen to Hugh Cunningham, a Professor of History at the University of Kent here, in the UK.He talks about what the average Joe – that’s you and me, folks – thinks about big business and philanthropy today.
我們來聽聽英國肯特大學歷史學教授Hugh Cunningham的看法。他談到了平凡人，也就是你我這樣的普通人如何看待大企業和慈善事業。
The very word philanthropy does not necessarily have 100% positive connotations for the publicat large given where we are in terms of the public’s attitude towards business or the banks and that kind of stuff.So I think it’s in everyone’s interests to try and broaden out the concept of philanthropy into a wider notion of giving, making a contribution, making a difference.
對公眾來說，“慈善”一詞並非是完全的褒義，這鑒於公眾對企業、銀行等機構的態度。所以我認為，為了每個人的利益，要嘗試著擴大慈善的概念，擴大為給予、貢獻和有所作為。
Yes, banks and big businesses can easily afford to give away millions of dollars for the public good if they choose to. It is not so easy when you’re an individual struggling to pay the rent.
是的，銀行和大企業很容易為公眾事業捐出幾百萬美元，只要他們想。但是對於還為房租苦苦奮鬥的普通人來說，做慈善很不容易。
That’s right, Neil. But a lot of people in the UK are super-rich compared to those in the developing world. And we can make a big difference by donating – or giving – smaller amounts of money to help improve their lives.
沒錯。但是和發展中國家相比，英國很多人稱得上是非常富有了。我們可以通過捐贈少額金錢來改善他們的生活，這也是力所能及的貢獻。
And that’s what Professor Cunningham means when he says we should broaden out the notion – or idea – of philanthropy. It’s not only robber barons who can afford to be philanthropic. Let’s listen to Toby Ord, a graduate student from Oxford University talking about how he makes a difference.
這也是Cunningham教授的觀點，拓寬慈善的概念。並不是只有強盜大亨才能做得起慈善。我們聽聽牛津大學的研究生Toby Ord講述他如何做出力所能及的貢獻。
I worked out that over my life I‘d be able to earn about 1.5mand that I could maintain my current standard of living as a graduate student and still donate about 1m of that.
我計算出我一生大概能賺150萬英鎊，我可以維持現在作為學生的生活水準，這樣我仍然可以捐出100萬英鎊。
So Toby actually gives away any money that he earns above 18,000 a year.He feels that he doesn’t need more than this amount to maintain his standard of living.
所以Toby每年都會把他掙的錢當中超過1.8萬英鎊的部分捐出去。他覺得不需要這麼多錢，他可以維持現有的生活水準。
I’m impressed by Toby’s pledge but I don’t think I could live like a student my whole life!
對Toby做出的承諾我很感動，但是我覺得我不能一輩子都像學生一樣生活。
I thought that would suit you extremely well, Neil! Now why don’t you give us the answer to today’s quiz question?
我認為學生生活很適合你啊，尼爾！現在是不是該公佈今天問題的答案啦？
I asked: Who was the most generous philanthropist in the US last year? Was it… a) Bill Gates? b) Mark Zuckerberg? Or c) Warren Buffett?
我問你：去年誰是美國最慷慨的慈善家？a) 比爾蓋茨b)馬克祖克柏 還是 c) 沃倫巴菲特？
I said Warren Buffett.
我選的是沃倫巴菲特。
Good guess, Sophie! Well done! Buffett, who made his $73bn fortune from investments, donated $2.8bn to charity in 2014 bringing his lifetime total to almost $23bn, according to Forbes.That’s a tidy sum – and that means a large number! OK let’s hear those words again, Sophie.
猜得不錯！做得好！巴菲特通過投資賺取了730億美元，2014年捐出28億用於慈善，據富比士資料顯示，目前他總共捐出了230億美元。這是多麼龐大的數字！好了，我們再來聽聽今天的單詞吧！
Here they are:
今天聽到的單詞有：
pledged保證 / philanthropy 慈善 / well off 富有 / equality 平等 / unethical 不道德的 / ruthless 無情的 / average Joe 普通人 / donating 捐贈 / a tidy sum 龐大金額
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!
好了，今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下期節目再會。
Bye.
再見！
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